ap lang

what is argument?

a process of reasoned inquiry and rational discourse seeking common ground

define claim

an assertion that states the argument’s main idea

name the three types of claims

claim of fact, claim of value, claim of policy

example for claim of fact

the price of college tuiton had increased in the last 10 years

example for claim of value

taylor swift is the best artist

example for claim of policy

every school should have a dress code.

define claims of fact

assert that something is true or not true

define claim of value

argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, valuable or not valuable, desiarable or undesirable

define claim of policy

proposing a change

name the 6 types of evidence

personal experience, anecdotes, current events, historical information, expert opinion, quantatitive evidence

what are logical fallacies?

vulnerabilites in an argument caused by faulty reasoning or incorrect use of evidence

name 3 types of logical fallacies

hasty generalization, circular reasoning, straw man fallacies

define hasty generalization

there isnt enough evidence to support a particular conclusion

define circular reasoning

repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence, resulting in no evidence

define straw man fallacies

a poor or oversimplified example is used to refute an opponents viewpoint

example for hasty generalization

global warming isnt real beacause its cold outside

example for circular reasoning

its time for you to go to bed because it’s your bedtime

example for straw man fallicies

claim: we should eat less beef because it emits a lot of carbon. fallacie: you want to force everyone to be vegetarian?

list in correct order, the elements of the adapted modern form of the classical oration (5 parts)

introduction, background, reasons and examples, acknowlegdgement of objections, conclusion

list the elements of the toulmin oration

claim, evidence, warrant, qualifiers, conditions of rebuttal

inductive reasoning

specific to general

deductive reasoning

general to specific

what is a warrant

logical and persuasive reasoning behind claim that connects to the evidence

define qualifiers

words or phrases that place limitations on a claim

give an example of a qualifier in a sentence

she brought several books on the trip