geomapping, rocks, minerals

oceanic crust

thinner and denser

rigid rock part of the mantle

lithosphere

athenosphere

soft with moving currents of rocks

which contains convention currents

athenosphere

why are there convection currents

heat from earth’s core

convection currents

what causes continental drift

4300 C

heat at earths core

mid ocean ridge

underwater mountain chain

sea floor spreading

process where new oceanic crust is created

subduction

process by which old ocean crust sinks into the mantle

transform boundary

when tectonic plates slide past eah other

mesosphere

lower portion of earths mantle

core

denses sphere at the earths center made of iron and nickel

which plate motion makes new ocean floor

divergent

which plate motion destroys ocean floor

convergent

which plate motion accounts for earthquakes

transform

where does seafloor spreading happen

mid atlantic ridgew

where is a transform boundary located

san andreas fault

focus

where earthquake begins under surface

epicenter

location directly above focus

s waves

transverse waves

p waves

longitudinal waves

which waves travel through only solids (other can travel through liquids)

p waves

richter scale

measures earthquake logarithmically using the size of the waves

moment magnitude scale

measures earthquakes in terms of energy released

mercalli scale

rates earthquakes based on damage to structure

magma chamber

pocket where magma collects

caldera

depression formed from collapsed volcanoes

hot spot

region of active magma under a plate

shield volcano

wide, flat volcano

simple, small, steep volcano

cinder cone

volacno that has eruptions and lava and ash

composite volcano

quiet eruption

low silica/high water content/high temp/low viscosity

explosive eruption

high silica/low water/low temps/ high viscosity

seamount volcano

underwater volcano

extrusive volcanic feature

lava plateau

hadean eon

earth forms eon

the initial crust dissappeared in the ___

late heavy bonbardment

archean eon

prokaryote life

proterozoic eon

early life

Phanerzoic Eon

current eon

we are currently in the

anthropocene, quaternery, cenezoiec, phaneroczoic

concave up normal fault

listric fault

Law of Superposition

rocks are formed layer by layer

Principle of Original Horizontality

sediment is depozited horizontally

Principle of Lateral Continuity

rock layers extend horizontally until barrier is met

Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships

a younger feature cuts older ones

fold that goes up

anticline

fold that goes down

syncline

normal fault

hanging wall down

reverse fault

hanging wall up

strike slip

strike to the side

thrust fault

horizontally cut fault

composite volcano

mount fuji, erupts violently

stratigraphy

study of layers of rocks

amount of gas from least to greatest

basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

most iron rich to least iron rich (think of colours)

basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

types of clouds

cumulus (fluffy), stratus (dotty), cirrus (wispy)

youngest to oldest oceanic features

ridge,abyssal plain, shelf

wisconsonian

most recent Pleistocene glacial episode

discharge (rate)

volume of water flowing through the cross-section of a channel over a given period of time

youngest epoch

holocene

older than holocene

pleiostene

ok

ok

intensity of metamorphism in terms of temperature and pressure conditions

metamorphic grade

lowest to highest metamorphic grade

slate, phyllite, shicst, gneiss

the acronym Tranay Start Making Thermodynamic Eggs is…

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

Moho

seismic discontinuity that marks the base of the crust of the Earth