Hartman's Nursing Assistant Care: The Basics (FINAL)

Long-term care

Given in long term care facilities for people who need 24-hour skilled care

Skilled care

Medically necessary care given by a skilled nurse, availiable 24 hours a day

Terminal illness

Illness that will eventually cause death

Chronic condition

A condition that lasts a long period of time, even a lifetime

Acute care

24 hour skilled care given in hospitals and ambulatory surgical centers, for people who require short term immediate care

Subacute care

Given in hospitals or long term facilities for people who need less care than for an acute illness but more care than for a chronic illness

Outpatient care

Care given to people who have had treatments, procedures or surgeries and need skilled short term care

Rehabilitation

Care given by specialists or professionals to help restore or improve function after an illness or injury

Hospice care

Care given in facilities or homes for people who have six months or less to live

Person-centered care

Emphasizes the individuality of the person who needs care and recognizes and develops the persons capabilities

Trauma informed center

An approach to patient care that recognizes people may have experienced trauma in their lives

Medicare

Federal health insurance program for people 65 or older or for people of any age who have kidney failure or certain disabilities

Medicaid

Medical assistance program for people who have a low income as well as people with disabilities

Charting

Documenting important information about residents

Nursing Assistant (NA)

Performs assigned tasks and provides or assists with personal care

Registered Nurse (RN)

Coordinates, manages, and provides skilled nursing care including giving special treatments and medication as prescribed by a doctor. Assigns tasks and supervises daily care of residents by nursing assistants. An RN is a licensed professional who has graduated from a 2-4 year nursing program

Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)

Gives medications and treatments. An LPN or LVN is a licensed professional who has completed one to two years of education

Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

Registered nurse who has completed training at the postgraduate level. APRNs can make diagnosis and prescibe treatment

Physician or Doctor (MD or DO)

A licensed professional who diagnoses disease or disability and prescribes treatment and medication. A doctor has graduated from a four year medical school after receiving a bachelor's degree

Physician Assistant (PA)

Licensed professional who diagnoses disease or disability and develops treatment plans, as well as prescribes medication. A PA works under supervision of a doctor and has obtained a master's degree

Physical Therapist (PT or DPT)

Evaluates a person and develops a treatment plan to increase movement, improve circulation, promote healing, reduce pain, prevent disability, and regain or maintain mobility. A PT has graduated from a doctoral degree program after receiving an undergraduate degree

Occupational Therapist (OT)

Helps residents learn to adapt to disabilities. The OT evaluates the resident's needs and plans a treatment program. OTs have earned a master's or doctoral degree

Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP)

Identifies communication disorders, addresses factors involved in recovery, and develops a plan of care to meet goals. An SLP helps improve or overcome speech problems as well as evaluating the residents ability to swallow food or drink. SLPs have earned a master's degree

Registered Dietitian (RD or RDN)

Assesses a resident's nutritional status and develops a treatment plan to improve health and manage illness. RD's have completed a bachelor's or master's degree

Medical social worker (MSW)

Determines resident's needs and helps get them support services. MSWs have usually earned a master's degree

Scope of practice

Describes the line of authority and helps to make sure that residents get proper health care

Activities Director

Plans activities to help residents socialize and stay active

Policy

Course of action that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs

Procedure

A method, or way, of doing something

Ethics

Knowledge of right and wrong

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

OBRA was passed in response to reports of poor care and abuse in long-term facilities.

Cite

To document a problem through a survey

Resident's Rights

Quality of life, services and activities to maintain a high level of wellness, the right to be fully informed about rights and services, the right to participate in their own care, the right to make independent choices, the right to privacy and confidentiality, the right to dignity, respect, and freedom, the right to security of possessions, rights during transfer and discharges, the right to complain, the right to visits, rights with regard to social services

Abuse

Purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to someone

Psychological abuse

Emotional harm caused by threatening, scaring, humiliating, intimidating, isolating, or insulting a person

Physical abuse

Any treatment, intentional or not, that causes physical harm to a person's body

Verbal abuse

Spoken or written words, pictures or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person

Sexual abuse

Nonconsensual sexual contact of any type

Financial abuse

Improper or illegal use of a persons money, possessions, property or other assets

Assault

Threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful they will be harmed

Battery

Intentional touching of another person without concent

Domestic violence

Abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family

False imprisonment

Unlawful restraint that affects a persons freedom of movement

Involuntary seclusion

Separation of a person from others against the persons will

Sexual harrassment

Any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive environment

Neglect

Failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person

Negligence

Actions, or the failure to act or provide the proper care for a resident, resulting in unintended injury

Malpractice

Occurs when a person is injured due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness, or lack of still

Ombudsman

Assigned by law as the legal advocate for residents. They visit facilities and listen to residents to help resolve conflicts and settle disputes concerning residents health and safety.

Older Americans Act (OAA)

Federal law that requires all states to have an ombudsman program

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

Law passed in 1996 to help keep health information private and secure

Protected Health Information (PHI)

Information that can be used to identify a person and relates to the patients condition

Minimum date set (MDS)

A detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents

Another name to a long term care facility

Extended Care Facility

Assisted living facilities are initially for ____________

People who need some help with daily care

Adult day services is care for ___________

People who need some help and supervision during certain hours

People who live in long term care facilities are usually called ____________

Residents

Four parts of Medicare

A) Hospital or skilled nursing facility care, B) Medical services, C) Private insurance, D) Prescription medications

Chain of command

Describes the line of authority

Liability

Being held legally responsible

How soon after a resident is admitted does an MDS need to be completed by nurses?

Within 14 days

When should care be document?

Immediately after care is given

Objective information

Based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells

Subjective information

Information a person cannot see or did not observe

Incontinence

Inability to control bladder or bowels

Defense mechanisms

Unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress

Impairment

Loss of function or ability

Combative

Violent or hostile behaviors

Call lights should be placed where?

Within reach of the residents stronger hand

Physiological needs

Food, water, protection, shelter, sleep, comfort

Psychological needs

Love and affection, acceptance, safety, independence, success

Abraham Maslow

Researcher of human behavior, created Maslow's Hierarchy of needs to understand and acknowledge human needs

Holistic care

caring for the whole person, the body as well as the mind

Nuclear families

Two parents and one or more children

Single parent families

One parent and one or more children

Extended families

Parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, other relatives

Blended families

Divorced or widowed parents and have remarried and have children from previous/current marriages

Developmental disabilities

Disabilities present at birth or emerge during childhood, up to age 22

Anxiety

Uneasiness, worry or fear, often about a situation or condition

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

characterized by chronic anxiety and worry, even when there is no worry or concern

Panic disorder

Characterized by panic attacks. An episode of intense fear, rapid heart beat, chest pain, dizziness and shortness of breath

Cliche

Phrases used over and over again and do not really mean anything

Social anxiety disorder

Intense anxiety and extreme discomfort in social situations

Phobia

An intense, irrational fear of or anxiety about an object, place or situation

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (ODC)

Characterized by intrusive behavior or thoughts that cause anxiety or stress

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Caused by experiencing a traumatic event

Schizophrenia

Affects a persons ability to think and communicate clearly

Hallucination

False or distorted sensory perception

Delusions

Persistent false beliefs

Psychotherapy

Involves talking about ones problems with mental health professionals

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

A type of psychotherapy often used to treat anxiety or depression. Usually short term and focuses on skills or solutions that a person can use to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns

Grief

Deep distress or sorrow over a loss

Stages of grief

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Advance directives

Legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make these decisions themselves

Living will

Outlines the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case the person becomes unable to male those decisions

Durable power of attorney for health care (Proxy)

A signed, dated, and witnessed legal documentation that appoints someone else to make medical decisions for a person in the event they are unable to do so

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)

Medical order that tells medical professionals not to perform CPR when a persons heartbeat or breathing stops

Rigor Mortis

When the muscles in the body become stiff and rigid

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

Short periods of not breathing

Postmortem care

Care of the body after death