Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to meiosis and sexual reproduction.

Meiosis

A special type of cell division used for sexual reproduction that results in four haploid gametes.

Gamete

A haploid reproductive cell (sperm or egg) that fuses during fertilization to form a diploid zygote.

Haploid (n)

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes, typical in gametes.

Diploid (2n)

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, typical in somatic cells.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that are similar in length, gene position, and centromere location, with one originating from each parent.

Crossing-over

The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis, contributing to genetic variation.

Independent assortment

The random distribution of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis, leading to genetic variability in gametes.

Nondisjunction

Failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, which can lead to aneuploidy.

Trisomy

A condition where an individual has three copies of a particular chromosome, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

Aneuploidy

An abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell, often caused by nondisjunction.