CHAPTER 2: Medical and Psychological Theories, Frames of Reference, and Models of Mental Health and Mental Illness

These flashcards cover key concepts in medical and psychological theories related to mental health and mental illness, including various theories, models, and cultural explanations.

Psychoanalytical theory

Based on the work of Sigmund Freud, it suggests that mental disorders are influenced by relationships with objects in the environment and early childhood experiences.

Id

The part of the mind that is driven only to satisfy one’s own needs; associated with infantile desires.

Superego

It focuses on societal competence and is driven to please others by following rules.

Ego

The part of the mind that controls anxiety and balances the demands of the id and superego.

Defense mechanisms

Psychological strategies used by the ego to manage conflicts between the id, superego, and reality.

Developmental Theory

The concept that people mature through a series of fixed stages, and mental health issues arise when developmental tasks are not successfully mastered.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

An approach that links thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, aiming to transform negative thinking patterns.

Cognitive Enhancement Therapy

Focuses on cognitive learning and social cognition, using various strategies to improve cognitive functions.

Client-Centered Humanistic Therapy

Developed by Carl Rogers, emphasizing unconditional positive regard and helping clients become aware of their feelings and choices.

Neuroscience Theories

Theories explaining mental health phenomena based on biochemical and electrical activity in the brain.

Psychiatric Rehabilitation

A rehabilitation approach focusing on helping individuals function optimally in the community without trying to explain mental disorders.

Explanatory Models From Other Cultures

Cultural interpretations of emotional distress and abnormal behavior that must be accepted by occupational therapy professionals.

Dhat syndrome

A cultural concept of distress in South Asia related to anxiety caused by loss of semen.

Kufungisisa

A cultural concept of distress in Zimbabwe and Nigeria caused by excessive thinking leading to mental harm.

Susto

A cultural concept in Latin America where fright or trauma is believed to cause the soul to leave the body, leading to distress.