ch. 12: cardiovascular system-blood

Describe the composition of blood

5.5 liters, formed elements+plasma

4 types of plasma and their functions

Albumin- regulates H2O, Globulins- antibodies, Fibrinogen- regulates blood clotting, Regulatory Proteins- hormones

Structure of an erythrocyte

Circular shape with biconcave

How do red blood cells carry oxygen? What chemical element allows this?

RBC picks up oxygen from lungs and carries it around the body. Hemoglobin

What is blood doping

Going to high elevation-increasing RBC production

how does training at high altitude could lead to an increase in the athlete’s hematocrit

low O2→secretes EPO→increases RBC production

What hormone stimulates RBC formation? What organ is this hormone released?

Erythropoietin. Kidney.

3 anemia

Hemolytic, sickle-cell, iron deficiency

What causes sickle cell anemia

Genetics, hemoglobin chapped like a sickle, blockage of small vessels

What is polycythemia

Abnormal increase of erythrocytes

How does polycythemia differ from leukemia

Leukemia is an abnormal increase in leukocytes, not erythrocytes

3 types of polymorphonuclear

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

2 types of mononuclear

Lymphocytes, Monocytes