Management Reviewer

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

Studied work to eliminate inefficient hand and body motions.

Microchronometer

Device invented by the Gilbreths that recorded a worker's motions and the time spent on each motion.

Therbligs

Classification scheme devised by the Gilbreths to label 17 basic hand motions.

Henri Fayol

French businessman who proposed that all managers perform five functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

14 Principles of Management

Fundamental rules developed by Henri Fayol that can be applied to all organizational situations.

Bureaucracy

Ideal type of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules, and impersonal relationships according to Max Weber.

Management

The process of designing and maintaining an environment for individuals to efficiently accomplish selected goals.

Adam Smith

Scottish economist known as the 'Father of Economics' who advocated for the division of labor to increase productivity.

Division of labor

Breaking down jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks to enhance productivity.

Scientific Management Theory

Approach that uses the scientific method to determine the best way to perform jobs.

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

Father of Scientific Management, known for applying scientific methods to improve production efficiency.

Cooperation with workers

Key principle of Taylor's management approach to ensure work aligns with developed scientific principles.

Quantitative Approach

Management approach using quantitative techniques to improve decision-making.

Behavioral Approach

Field of study that researches the actions of people at work, emphasizing the importance of human behavior.

Contingency Approach

Management approach asserting that organizations require different management systems based on their unique situations.

Manager

A person responsible for overseeing the activities of others in an organization.

Essential functions of management

Planning, organizing, leading, controlling, staffing, and directing.

Planning

The choice of objectives and the means to achieve them in an organization.

Organizing

The process of arranging various activities and resources to achieve objectives.

Leading

Working with and through people to accomplish organizational goals.

Controlling

Monitoring performance and taking corrective actions to ensure goals are met.

Staffing

Recruitment, selection, and development of human resources in an organization.

Directing

Influencing and communicating with subordinates toward organizational goals.

Henry Mintzberg

Management researcher who studied managerial roles and behaviors.

Interpersonal Roles

Roles involving interaction with people both inside and outside the organization.

Informational Roles

Roles involving the collection and dissemination of information.

Decisional Roles

Roles entailing making decisions or choices in an organization.

Technical Skills

Job-specific knowledge and techniques required to proficiently perform tasks.

Human Skills

Ability to work well with others and get the best out of people.

Conceptual Skills

Ability to understand complex situations and visualize the organization as a whole.

Ethics

Code of moral principles that sets standards of good and bad behavior.

Ethical Behavior

Behavior that is considered good and right according to moral codes.

Code of Ethics

Set of guidelines outlining expected behavior within an organization.

Discrimination

Unfair treatment of a candidate based on non-job relevant criteria like race or gender.

Sexual Harassment

Inappropriate comments or actions regarding sexuality that make coworkers uncomfortable.

Conflicts of Interest

Situations where personal interests can interfere with professional obligations.

Customer Confidence

Trust gained from protecting privileged information regarding customers.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

Management concept integrating social and environmental concerns in business operations.

Green Management

Management approach that considers the impact of the organization on the natural environment.

Planning Benefits

Provides direction, reduces uncertainty, minimizes waste, and establishes goals.

Goals

Statements about desired end states expressed in general terms.

Objectives

Specific and measurable statements about desired accomplishments.

Strategic Planning

High-level planning that outlines long-term goals for an organization.

Operational Planning

Planning that focuses on the day-to-day functions of an organization.

Organizational Structure

System of tasks, workflows, and communication channels in an organization.

Departmentalization

Process of grouping people and jobs into work units.

Matrix Structure

Combines functional and divisional approaches, emphasizing project teams.

Leadership Definition

The art of motivating a group to act toward achieving a common goal.

Classic Leadership Styles

Includes autocratic, laissez-faire, and democratic styles of leading.

Transformational Leadership

Encourages pushing toward new strategies and ways of thinking.