AP World History Review—Unit 6 Topic 1

Nationalism

A sense of commonality among people based on shared language, religion, and social customs, often linked with a desire for self-rule.

Scientific Racism

The idea that humans can be hierarchically ranked in distinct biological classes based on race.

Social Darwinism

An ideology applying Darwin's theory of natural selection to human societies, suggesting that Western industrial societies are more 'fit' because they are successful.

Civilizing Mission

The belief that Western societies had a duty to bring their civilization and religion to 'lower civilizations'.

Second Wave of Imperialism

The period from 1750 to 1900 marked by new ideologies influencing imperial expansion beyond earlier maritime empires.

Enlightenment Ideas

Philosophical ideas emphasizing liberty and self-governance that influenced nationalistic movements.

Phrenology

A pseudoscientific study that claimed to determine mental faculties and character traits by the shape of the skull.

Imperialism

A policy or ideology where a country extends its power and dominance over other nations, often involving conquest or colonization.

Hierarchy of Races

The flawed concept that ranks human groups based on perceived biological superiority.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth that influenced economic practices and the ideologies driving imperialism.