AP Classroom Per. 7

"Article X says that every member of the League, and that means every great fighting power in the world, ... solemnly engages to respect and preserve ... the territorial integrity and existing political independence of the other members of the League. If you do that, you have absolutely stopped ambitious and aggressive war."

Woodrow Wilson's statement above was made in justification of his

A

refusal to accept the "reservations" proposed by Henry Cabot Lodge in the Senate debate over ratification of the Treaty of Versailles

"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power."

The foreign policy statement above came to be known as

the Roosevelt Corollary

"Today the United States is practically sovereign on this continent and its fiat is law upon the subjects to which it confines its interposition."

Secretary of State Richard Olney, note to Great Britain, 1895

The quote above is an interpretation of the

Monroe Doctrine

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona."

The message above had which of the following effects?

It pushed the United States closer to participation in the First World War.

A key goal of the Progressive movement was to

use government power to regulate industrial production and labor conditions

Which of the following generalizations can be supported by the information provided in the map above? ( woman Suffrage )

Frontier life tended to promote the acceptance of greater political equality for women.

African American migration to the urban North during the First World War was due primarily to

expanded job opportunities in Northern factories

Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in

the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems

The poster above advertising a 1913 labor union pageant was designed to do which of the following? labor workers poster

Portray the strikers as the heroic champions of workers and ordinary people

Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would

limit United States sovereignty

Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT

imposition of poll taxes

"We realize that certain bodies of men, who do not believe in the basic principles of our Republic, having taken advantage of American hospitality to secure residence within our territory, have brought into organization a large number of committees and associations whose avowed purpose it is to destroy our Government (using force if necessary) and to place the country under the domination of some such self-constituted commission of Socialists or Bolshevists as has brought anarchy and misery upon Russia.

"To nullify the pernicious influence of these enemies of the Republic, we, the undersigned, herewith declare and take oath that we hold ourselves ready to answer any call to defend our country against any and all attempts to change our Government by usurpation or by force. We seek for this pledge the widest publicity and urge all citizens, irrespective of sex, age, creed, or race, who believe as we do in the importance of maintaining American principles, to join us in this pledge.

"We further declare our purpose to do our utmost to secure for those who come to our country from foreign lands a clearer and nobler sense of citizenship than they have heretofore realized; and to develop these new residents into understanding American citizens, to emphasize to them the value of the great privilege that is within their reach of securing American citizenship, and to secure their co-operation in combating the pernicious propaganda which aims to undermine the Government."

"Petition of the National Security League," 1923

Which of the following contexts most directly contributed to the trend in immigration described in the first paragraph of the excerpt?

The continued transition of the United States from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy.

The continued transition of the United States from an agricultural economy to an industrial economy most directly contributed to the trend in immigration described in the first paragraph of the excerpt. The accelerated industrialization of the United States resulted in increased demand for labor domestically and abroad. These factors led to rapid urbanization, from which social and economic failings led many to become dissatisfied with the political situation and to advocate for more radical responses to problems, like those described in the excerpt.

"Let me insist again . . . upon the fact that our duty is twofold, and that we must raise others while we are benefiting ourselves. In bringing order to the Philippines, our soldiers added a new page to the honor-roll of American history, and they incalculably benefited the islanders themselves. . . . [T]he islands now enjoy a peace and liberty of which they have hitherto never even dreamed. But this peace and liberty under the law must be supplemented by material, by industrial development. Every encouragement should be given to their commercial development, to the introduction of American industries and products; not merely because this will be a good thing for our people, but infinitely more because it will be of incalculable benefit to the people of the Philippines.

"We shall make mistakes; and if we let these mistakes frighten us from our work we shall show ourselves weaklings. . . . We committed plenty of blunders . . . in our dealings with the Indians. But who does not admit at the present day that we were right in wresting from barbarism and adding to civilization the territory out of which we have made these beautiful [United] States? And now we are civilizing the Indian and putting him on a level to which he could never have attained under the old conditions.

". . . [W]e have always in the end come out victorious because we have refused to be daunted by blunders and defeats. . . . We gird [ourselves] as a nation, with the stern purpose to play our part manfully in winning the ultimate triumph; . . . and with unfaltering steps tread the rough road of endeavor."

Theodore Roosevelt, "National Duties," address given at the Minnesota State Fair, September 1901

Which of the following best explains a conclusion about United States foreign policy in the early 1900s supported by the point of view expressed in the excerpt?

Political leaders continued to promote the earlier idea of predestined national expansion.

It can be concluded from the speech that political leaders continued to promote the earlier idea of predestined national expansion as a part of United States foreign policy in the early 1900s. In the second and third paragraphs of the excerpt, Roosevelt drew on earlier United States expansion in western North America in the nineteenth century, which had been justified by the idea of Manifest Destiny, to argue that United States acquiring the Philippines as a colony after the Spanish-American War was a continuation of the country's expansionist mission.

"Let me insist again . . . upon the fact that our duty is twofold, and that we must raise others while we are benefiting ourselves. In bringing order to the Philippines, our soldiers added a new page to the honor-roll of American history, and they incalculably benefited the islanders themselves. . . . [T]he islands now enjoy a peace and liberty of which they have hitherto never even dreamed. But this peace and liberty under the law must be supplemented by material, by industrial development. Every encouragement should be given to their commercial development, to the introduction of American industries and products; not merely because this will be a good thing for our people, but infinitely more because it will be of incalculable benefit to the people of the Philippines.

"We shall make mistakes; and if we let these mistakes frighten us from our work we shall show ourselves weaklings. . . . We committed plenty of blunders . . . in our dealings with the Indians. But who does not admit at the present day that we were right in wresting from barbarism and adding to civilization the territory out of which we have made these beautiful [United] States? And now we are civilizing the Indian and putting him on a level to which he could never have attained under the old conditions.

". . . [W]e have always in the end come out victorious because we have refused to be daunted by blunders and defeats. . . . We gird [ourselves] as a nation, with the stern purpose to play our part manfully in winning the ultimate triumph; . . . and with unfaltering steps tread the rough road of endeavor."

Theodore Roosevelt, "National Duties," address given at the Minnesota State Fair, September 1901

Some Americans advocated economic development of overseas countries in order to justify imperialism.

"If we do not follow the most scientific approved methods, the most modern discoveries of how to conserve and propagate and renew wherever possible those resources which Nature in her providence has given to man for his use but not abuse, the time will come when the world will not be able to support life, and then we shall have no need of conservation of health, strength, or vital force because we must have the things to support life or everything else is useless.... [D]o not forget that the conservation of life itself must be built on the solid foundation of conservation of natural resources, or it will be a house built upon the sands that will be washed away."

Marion Crocker, General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1912

promoting federal legislation to protect the environment

President Theodore Roosevelt addressed all of the following issues during his presidency EXCEPT

insider trading on the stock market

"Hetch Hetchy Valley, far from being a plain, common, rock-bound meadow, as many who have not seen it seem to suppose, is a grand landscape garden, one of Nature's rarest and most precious mountain temples. . . . The sublime rocks of its walls seem to glow with life, whether leaning back in repose or standing erect in thoughtful attitudes, giving welcome to storms and calms alike, their brows in the sky, their feet set in the groves and gay flowery meadows, while birds, bees, and butterflies help the river and waterfalls to stir all the air into music. . . .

"This most precious and sublime feature of the Yosemite National Park, one of the greatest of all our natural resources for the uplifting joy and peace and health of the people, is in danger of being dammed and made into a reservoir to help supply San Francisco with water and light, thus flooding it from wall to wall and burying its gardens and groves one or two hundred feet deep. This grossly destructive commercial scheme has long been planned and urged . . . because of the comparative cheapness of the dam. . . .

"That anyone would try to destroy [Hetch Hetchy Valley] seems incredible; but sad experience shows that there are people good enough and bad enough for anything. The proponents of the dam scheme bring forward a lot of bad arguments to prove that the only righteous thing to do with the people's parks is to destroy them bit by bit as they are able."

John Muir, The Yosemite, published in 1912

Reformers encouraged the more active protection of natural resources

"As the early years at Hull House show, female participation in that area of reform grew out of a set of needs and values peculiar to middle-class women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Settlement workers did not set out to become reformers. They were rather women trying to fulfill existing social expectations for self-sacrificing female service while at the same time satisfying their need for public recognition, authority, and independence. In the process of attempting to weave together a life of service and professional accomplishment, they became reformers as the wider world defined them."

— Robyn Muncy, historian, Creating a Female Dominion in American Reform, 1890-1935, published in 1991

Which of the following was the most direct effect of the trend described in the excerpt?

The development of the Progressive movement to address social problems associated with industrial society

In the period 1890-1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT:

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) endorsed the Back-to-Africa movement

Many anti-imperialists opposed the annexation of the Philippines in 1898 because they believed that

United States colonialism in the Philippines was incompatible with the American belief in self-determination

Which of the following correctly describes the Committee on Public Information?

It was established to mobilize domestic support for the war effort during the First World War.

Which of the following best characterizes the conservationist approach to the environment that emerged in the Progressive Era?

Designation of national parks and forests for recreation and managed use

Which of the following aroused the greatest controversy in the United States at the end of the Spanish-American War?

Acquisition of the Philippine Islands

W. E. B. Du Bois differed in philosophy from Booker T. Washington in that Du Bois believed

African Americans should pursue immediate and full equality

Jacob Riis is best known for his work in the 1890s as a

journalist and photographer who publicized the wretched conditions in which many immigrants lived

The United States home front during the First World War was marked by an increase in all of the following EXCEPT

support of individual liberties by the Supreme Court

Between 1890 and 1910, the United States most strongly pursued a foreign policy promoting

commercial involvement in both Latin America and eastern Asia

Margaret Sanger is best known for her

advocacy for birth control

The term "muckrakers" was used in the early twentieth century to refer to

journalists who wrote articles exposing political corruption and urban poverty

The Open Door policy in China called for which of the following?

Equal commercial access by all nations to the existing spheres of influence in China

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following?

Declared the United States to be the "policeman" of the Western Hemisphere.

When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for

acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas

In the late 1800s, many Americans came to support a United States empire overseas because they

sought to spread Protestantism and Anglo-Saxon values

Which of the following occurred on the home front during the First World War?

The United States public expressed widespread anti-German sentiment