salts

solubility salt table

• nitrates: all soluble

• sulfate: all soluble except calcium, lead, barium

• chloride: all soluble except lead, silver

• carbonate: all insoluble except ammonium and group 1

to prepare insoluble salt

method: precipitation using 2 soluble solution to form insoluble salt or 1 acid and 1 soluble salt

steps: 1. mix two solutions in a beaker and stir with glass rod and precipitate is formed

2. filter out precipitate using a funnel and filter paper

3. wash the precipitate with distilled water

4. dry the salt between sheets of filter paper

to prepare soluble salt from group 1 or ammonium salts

method: titration using alkali + acid or acid + metal carbonate

steps: 1. using a pipette measure a fixed amount of alkali or metal carbonate and add in conical flask

2. add a few drops of indicator

3. using a burette, add acid drop by drop until indicator changes color

4. note down the acid used to complete neutralisation

5. to obtain a solid sample, perform crystallisation or evaporation to dryness

to prepare soluble salt not from group 1 or ammonium salt

method: adding acid to excess insoluble reactant using acid + metal carbonate / metal oxide / metal (not suggestable)

step: 1. add excess insoluble reactant to acid and stir with glass rod to ensure complete reaction

2. filter out the excess reactant using funnel and filter paper and collect the filtrate

3. heat the filtrate in evaporating dish till saturation

4. filter the cooled mixture and wash the crystals with distilled water and leave it to dry between sheets of filter paper