Orgo Chem Naming

1 C

Meth-

2 C

Eth-

3 C

Prop-

4 C

But-

5 C

Pent-

6 C

Hex-

another name for branches?

substituents

Alkane Suffix + Name Format

Suffix: -ane

Name Format: Stem + ane

Alkyl Substituents

Have only C and H

Use same stems for C # as alkanes

Suffix: -yl

Name format: Stem + yl

Halogenoalkanes

Functional Group: -X(any halogen)

prefix:

• Cl - chloro

• Br - bromo

• I - Iodo

• F - Fluro

Placed in front like other subtitsuents

C # MUST be included

Alcohol

Functional Group: -OH

Suffix: -ol

Name Format: Stem + an - # C OH is on - ol

2 OH groups

3 OH Groups

diol

triol

Ether

Functional Group: R-O-R(O in middle of chain)

Shorter side of O called alkoxy group

• named like methoxy, ethoxy, etc.

Longer side of O alkyl group = base chain

Name Format: #C O on - alkoxy(named)alkane(named)

• ex. 1-methoxyethane

Aldehydes

Functional Group: -CHO

Suffix: -al

Name Format: Stem+an+al

C=O will always be the first C

Ketone

Functional Group: -C=O

• C=O in middle of chain

Suffix: -one

Name Format: Stem + an - #C=O - one

2 C=O

3 C=O

Dione

Trione

Carboxylic Acid

Functional Group: -COOH

• Always C #1

Suffix: -oic acid

Name Fromat: Stem + an + oic acid

1+ -COOH group

Suffic: -dioic acid

Can never have more than 2 as -COOH groups only at end on chains

Ester

Functional Group: -COOR

Suffic: -oate

Name Format: Alkyl stem + an + oate

• Always named as 2 parts/seperate words

Never has a #

Split esters in 2 parts

• Part with -COO = base chain

• R group attached to -O = alkyl group

Alkenes

Suffix: -ene

Name Format: Stem - # position of 1st C=C - ene

Double bond MUST be in the longest C chain

Substituents follow previous rules

Priority ranking with Monounsaturated Compounds(1 C=C AKA Alkenes)

1. Carboxylic Acis(-COOH)

2. Aldehydes(-CHO)

3. Ketone(C=O)

4. Alchol(-OH)

5. Alkene(C=C)

6. Halogenalkane(-X)

Name Format: Stem - # - en - #(unless not needed) - other suffix

Alkynes

Suffix: -yne

Name Format: stem - # position of 1st C=C - yne