1- Orthodontics concept

What does the concept of orthodontics deal with?

Growth of facial cranial complex, development of dentition and occlusion, treatment of anomalies

Etymology of orthodontics?

Ortho- right/straight

Odonto- tooth

In the German/ + - system how do you identify teeth?

+ on upper

- on lower

Sign on side it’s part of

0 before primary dentition

What are the 4 categories included in malocclusion?

Overcrowded teeth

Space between teeth

Improper bite

Disproportionate size and alignment

What are the 3 classifications of malocclusion?

Intra arch

Inter arch

Skeletal

What does an intra arch malocclusion involve?

Inclination, displacement, rotation, transposition of individual tooth

What is inclination and the types?

Abnormal tilting of the crown, if apex in same point but tooth surface position changes

Buccal, lingual, mesial, distal

What is displacement?

Bodily movement of crown, apex position changes

Buccal, lingual, mesial, distal

What is rotation and the types?

Movement of tooth around its long axis- described in 2 ways depending on which surface

Mesiolingual (distolabial)

Distolingual (mesiolabial)

What is transposition?

Two teeth swapped position

What is infra/supraversion (intrusion,extrusion)?

Tooth not at level of occlusion

What are the 3 types of inter arch malocclusions?

Sagittal, vertical, transverse plane

In the sagittal plane malocclusions, what is the difference between pre and post normal occlusion?

Mandible more anterior in centric occlusion vs more posterior

(Maxilla in fixed position)

What is the relationship between molars in the sagittal plane?

Mesiobuccal cusp of upper 1st molar falls in buccal groove of lower 1st molar

what is the difference between class angle 1, 2 and 3 malocclusions?

Mesiobuccal cusp of upper 1st molar falls within vs in front of vs behind the Buccal groove of the lower 1st molar

What are the types of vertical plane (interarch and skeletal) malocclusions?

Deep bite

Open bite

Anterior open bite

Posterior- uni or bilateral open bite

What are the 2 types of transverse plane (interarch and skeletal) malocclusions?

Crossbite- teeth are misaligned but they contact

Scissor bite- teeth don’t contact

What can skeletal malocclusions be caused by vs interarch malocclusions?

Defects in size, position or relationship between jaws vs is how the teeth fit together

What do skeletal malocclusions in the sagittal plane present as?

Prognathism- forward placement of the jaw

Retrognathism- backward placement

Both can occur

What are the aims of orthodontic treatment?

Functional efficiency- chewing, speech

Structural balance- consider soft tissues and associated structures

Aesthetic balance

Makes up Jackson’s triad

What are the branches of orthodontics?

Preventive- before onset of malocclusion- parent eduction, caries control, care of temp teeth

Interceptive- in early stage to lessen severity

Corrective- after, need appliance

What are 6 preventive orthodontic procedures?

Space maintainers

Manage ankylosis and prolonged retention of temp teeth

Extract supernumerary teeth

Manage oral habits

Treat premature contacts

Abnormal frenums- diagnose with blanch test and notch like radiolucency between max ci

What is interceptive orthodontics?

Serial extraction

Correcting a developing anterior crossbite

Eliminate bony or tissue barriers of erupting teeth

What is needed for an orthodontic appliance and what are the types?

A good diagnosis

Removable

Fixed- need multiple movements for correction

Functional- mandible away from normal resting position, uses forces of circumoral muscles

Orthopedic/extraoral force appliance