Chemical Reactions Notes

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Combustion reactions, rules on balancing equations, reaction types, and symbols

23 Terms

1

Br I N Cl H O F

These are diatomic atoms. When written alone, they must be in a pair. EX: O2

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2

Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy

Mass and energy is neither created or destroyed in an ordinary chemical reaction.

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3

Products come _____ the reactants.

after

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4

Exothermic

A reaction that releases energy (and heat).

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5

Endothermic

A reaction that absorbs energy (and heat).

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6

+

Separates 2 or more reactants or products

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7

“Yield,” separates reactants from products. Does not mean “equal to.”

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8

Used in place of ⇌ to indicate a reversable reaction.

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9

(s)

Designates a reactant or product in the solid state. Placed after the formula. EX: NaCl(s)

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10

(↓)

Alternative to (s), but only used for a solid PRODUCT, not reactants. Indicates a precipitate.

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11

(l)

Indicates a liquid reactant or product.

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12

(aq)

Indicates an aqueous solution (where some solute has been dissolved in water).

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13

(g)

Indicates a gaseous reactant or product.

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14

(↑)

Alternative to (g), but ONLY for a gaseous PRODUCT.

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15

△→

Triangle above arrow Indicates heat was supplied in the reaction.

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16

Pt→

A formula written above or below the sign indicates that it is used as a catalyst (something that speeds up the reaction).

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17

Subscript

Small numbers within a formula of a compound. Tells the number of atoms in that compound.

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18

Coefficient

The large number in front of the formula or compound. Tells the number of molecules (in a molecular compound), formula units (in an ionic compound), or atoms of an element.

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19

Synthesis

(Combination) Where 2 or more elements or compounds combine to form ONE complex substance. Only ONE PRODUCT.

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20

Decompostion

A compound decomposes into 2 or more simple substances. Heat or electricity usually required. Only one reactant.

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21

Single-Replacement

Occurs when one element displaces another element in a compound. You must check the Activity Series

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22

Double-Replacement

Occurs when the cations (positive ions) “switch” places. You will need solubility rules to predict if the reaction occurs.

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23

Combustion

Where oxygen reacts with another substance, a hydrocarbon or alcohol, resulting in the release of energy, usually heat or light. Carbon dioxide and water are the only two products.

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