Anatomy Chapter 20

neck

region of the body between the head and the thorax

8

number of bones in the neck

CV1-7, hyoid bone

bones in the neck

hyoid bone

bone on the anterior portion of the neck between the mandible and the larynx

open posteriorly

open region of the hyoid bone

body

anterior part of the hyoid bone

greater and lesser horns

project posteriorly from the back of the hyoid bone

larynx

cartilaginous organ located at the upper end of the trachea

thyroid cartilage

largest of the larynx cartilages

trachea

cartilagenous pipe that extends inferiorly from the larynx and above inferiorly through the neck and the thorax

thyroid gland

endocrine gland located on either side of the trachea just below the larynx

isthmus

region of the thyroid connecting the 2 lobes in front of the trachea

parathyroid gland

2-4 endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid glands

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

arteries suppling the thyroid and parathyroid glands

platysma

wide subcutaneous muscle

skin over the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

platysma origin

lower border of the mandible

platysma insertion

elevation of the skin of the neck

platysma action

CN VII, facial nerve

platysma innervation

sternal head: manubrium of the sternum

clavicular head: medial third of the clavicle

sternocleidomastoid origin

mastoid process of the skull

sternocleidomastoid insertion

unilateral: rotation of the head to the opposite side

bilateral: flexion of the head at the neck

sternocleidomastoid action

CN XI, accessory nerve

sternocleidomastoid innervation

thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)

infrahyoid muscles

strap muscles

thyroid cartilage

thyrohyoid origin

hyoid bone

thyrohyoid insertion

elevation of the larynx during speech and swallowing

depression of the hyoid during speech and swallowing

thyrohyoid action

C1 via CN XII, hypoglossal nerve

thyrohyoid innervation

manubrium of the sternum

sternohyoid origin

hyoid bone

sternohyoid insertion

depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

sternohyoid action

ansa cervicalis

sternohyoid innervation

manibruim of the sternum

sternothyroid origin

thyroid cartilage

sternothyroid insertion

depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

sternothyroid action

ansa cervicalis

sternothyroid innervation

superior border of the scapula

omohyoid origin

hyoid bone

omohyoid insertion

depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

omohyoid action

depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

omohyoid action

digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

suprahyoid muscles

scalene anterior, scalene medius, scalene posterior

scalene muscles

cervical vertebrae

scalene anterior origin

first rib

scalene anterior insertion

lateral flexion of the neck

elevation of the first rib

scalene anterior action

ventral rami

scalene anterior innveration

cervical vertebrae

scalene medius origin

first rib

scalene medius insertion

1st rib

scalene medius insertion

venral rami

scalene medius innervation

cervical vertebrae

scalene posterior origin

second rib

scalene posterior insertion

lateral flexion of the neck

elevation of the 2nd rib

scalene posterior action

ventral rami

scalene posterior innervation

• phrenic nerve

• vagus nerve

• common carotid artery, internal caroid

• internal jugular vein

• subclavian vein

structures anterior to the scalene aterior

• subclavian artery

• brachial plexus

structures posterior to the scalene anterior

longus capitis, longus cervicis (colli)

prevertebral muscles

• scalene anterior (anterior boundary)

• scalene medius (posterior)

• first rib (inferior)

scalene triangle

cervical plexus

spinal nerve plexus formed by the ventral rami of C1-C4, arranged as irregular series of loops from which branches arise

cervical plexus

branches supply the scalene and the pre-vertebral muscles

phrenic nerve and ansa carvicalis

branches of the cervical plexus

phrenic nerve

arises from ventral ramus of C4 (C3 and C5)

phrenic nerve

courses through the neck anterior to the scalene anterior, through the thorax anterior to the root of the lung

diaphragm

innervated by the phrenic nerve

ansa cervicalis

loop of nervous tissue that lies anterior to the carotid sheath

superior root and inferior root

2 roots of the ansa cervicalis

superior root of the ansa cervicalis

connects with the hypoglossal nerve

C1

what the superior root is derived from

C2 and C3

what the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis is derived from

ansa cervicalis

supplies all infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid

lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

superficial branches of the cervical plexus that supply the neck and superior chest

vagus nerve

CN X

vagus nerve

arises from the brain

vagus nerve

courses through

• foramen in the base of the skull

• neck in the carotid sheath

• thorax posterior to the root of the lung

• courses through the opening of the diaphragm and enters the abdomen, where it supplies the abdominal organs

sympathetic truck

part of autonomic NS

neck, posterior to the carotid sheath

location of the sympathetic trunk

common carotid arteries (and branches)

subclavian arteries (and branches)

subclavian veins

jugular veins

blood vessels of the neck

brachiocephalic trunk

left common carotid artery

left subclavian artery

3 main branches of the arch of the aorta

right subclavian artery

right common carotid artery

branch off from the brachiocephalic trunk

brachiacephalic thrunk

generally supply the upper limbs and the carotid arteries supply the head and the neck

brachiocephalic trunk

where the right common carotid artery arises from

arch of the aorta

where the left common carotid artery arises from

carotid arteries

ascend through the neck in its respective carotid sheath

carotid arteries

terminates at the upper border of the respective side of thyroid cartilage by dividing into its terminal branches

internal carotid artery

• each artery ascends within its respective carotid sheath

• each artery enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal to supply the brain

• does not give off any branches in the neck

external carotid artery

• each artery ascends toward its respective artery

• each artery gives off 8 named branches that supply all of the structures of the neck on its respective side

superior thyroid artery

the first branch of the external carotid artery

brachiocephalic trunk

branch where the right subclavian artery arises from

arch of the aorta

branch where the left subclavian artery arises from

subclavian arteries

course through the neck on its respective side posterior to the scalene anterior muscle

posterior

location of the subclavian arteries in reference to the scalene anterior muscle

axillary artery

name the subclavian artery takes after coursi

axillary artery

name of the subclavian artery after it the lateral border of the first rib

vertebral artery

one branch of the subclavian arteries

subclavian vein

arises as a continuation of its respective axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib

subclavian vein

courses through its respective side of the neck anterior to the scalene anterior muscle, the muscle separates it from the respective subclavian artery

brachiocephalic vein

formed by the termination of the subclavian vein joining the internal jugular vein

external jugular vein

arises on respective side from veins draining the scalp and the face

external jugular vein

course superficially on respective side across the sternocleidomastoid