Anatomy Chapter 20

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106 Terms

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neck

region of the body between the head and the thorax

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8

number of bones in the neck

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CV1-7, hyoid bone

bones in the neck

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hyoid bone

bone on the anterior portion of the neck between the mandible and the larynx

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open posteriorly

open region of the hyoid bone

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body

anterior part of the hyoid bone

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greater and lesser horns

project posteriorly from the back of the hyoid bone

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larynx

cartilaginous organ located at the upper end of the trachea

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thyroid cartilage

largest of the larynx cartilages

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trachea

cartilagenous pipe that extends inferiorly from the larynx and above inferiorly through the neck and the thorax

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thyroid gland

endocrine gland located on either side of the trachea just below the larynx

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isthmus

region of the thyroid connecting the 2 lobes in front of the trachea

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parathyroid gland

2-4 endocrine glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid glands

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superior and inferior thyroid arteries

arteries suppling the thyroid and parathyroid glands

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platysma

wide subcutaneous muscle

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skin over the deltoid and pectoralis major muscles

platysma origin

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lower border of the mandible

platysma insertion

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elevation of the skin of the neck

platysma action

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CN VII, facial nerve

platysma innervation

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sternal head: manubrium of the sternum

clavicular head: medial third of the clavicle

sternocleidomastoid origin

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mastoid process of the skull

sternocleidomastoid insertion

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unilateral: rotation of the head to the opposite side

bilateral: flexion of the head at the neck

sternocleidomastoid action

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CN XI, accessory nerve

sternocleidomastoid innervation

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thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)

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infrahyoid muscles

strap muscles

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thyroid cartilage

thyrohyoid origin

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hyoid bone

thyrohyoid insertion

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elevation of the larynx during speech and swallowing

depression of the hyoid during speech and swallowing

thyrohyoid action

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C1 via CN XII, hypoglossal nerve

thyrohyoid innervation

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manubrium of the sternum

sternohyoid origin

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hyoid bone

sternohyoid insertion

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depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

sternohyoid action

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ansa cervicalis

sternohyoid innervation

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manibruim of the sternum

sternothyroid origin

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thyroid cartilage

sternothyroid insertion

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depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

sternothyroid action

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ansa cervicalis

sternothyroid innervation

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superior border of the scapula

omohyoid origin

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hyoid bone

omohyoid insertion

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depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

omohyoid action

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depression of the larynx and hyoid during speech and swallowing

omohyoid action

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digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

suprahyoid muscles

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scalene anterior, scalene medius, scalene posterior

scalene muscles

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cervical vertebrae

scalene anterior origin

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first rib

scalene anterior insertion

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lateral flexion of the neck

elevation of the first rib

scalene anterior action

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ventral rami

scalene anterior innveration

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cervical vertebrae

scalene medius origin

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first rib

scalene medius insertion

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1st rib

scalene medius insertion

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venral rami

scalene medius innervation

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cervical vertebrae

scalene posterior origin

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second rib

scalene posterior insertion

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lateral flexion of the neck

elevation of the 2nd rib

scalene posterior action

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ventral rami

scalene posterior innervation

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  • phrenic nerve

  • vagus nerve

  • common carotid artery, internal caroid

  • internal jugular vein

  • subclavian vein

structures anterior to the scalene aterior

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  • subclavian artery

  • brachial plexus

structures posterior to the scalene anterior

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longus capitis, longus cervicis (colli)

prevertebral muscles

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  • scalene anterior (anterior boundary)

  • scalene medius (posterior)

  • first rib (inferior)

scalene triangle

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cervical plexus

spinal nerve plexus formed by the ventral rami of C1-C4, arranged as irregular series of loops from which branches arise

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cervical plexus

branches supply the scalene and the pre-vertebral muscles

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phrenic nerve and ansa carvicalis

branches of the cervical plexus

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phrenic nerve

arises from ventral ramus of C4 (C3 and C5)

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phrenic nerve

courses through the neck anterior to the scalene anterior, through the thorax anterior to the root of the lung

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diaphragm

innervated by the phrenic nerve

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ansa cervicalis

loop of nervous tissue that lies anterior to the carotid sheath

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superior root and inferior root

2 roots of the ansa cervicalis

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superior root of the ansa cervicalis

connects with the hypoglossal nerve

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C1

what the superior root is derived from

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C2 and C3

what the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis is derived from

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ansa cervicalis

supplies all infrahyoid muscles except the thyrohyoid

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lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular

superficial branches of the cervical plexus that supply the neck and superior chest

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vagus nerve

CN X

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vagus nerve

arises from the brain

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vagus nerve

courses through

  • foramen in the base of the skull

  • neck in the carotid sheath

  • thorax posterior to the root of the lung

  • courses through the opening of the diaphragm and enters the abdomen, where it supplies the abdominal organs

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sympathetic truck

part of autonomic NS

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neck, posterior to the carotid sheath

location of the sympathetic trunk

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common carotid arteries (and branches)

subclavian arteries (and branches)

subclavian veins

jugular veins

blood vessels of the neck

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brachiocephalic trunk

left common carotid artery

left subclavian artery

3 main branches of the arch of the aorta

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right subclavian artery

right common carotid artery

branch off from the brachiocephalic trunk

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brachiacephalic thrunk

generally supply the upper limbs and the carotid arteries supply the head and the neck

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brachiocephalic trunk

where the right common carotid artery arises from

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arch of the aorta

where the left common carotid artery arises from

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carotid arteries

ascend through the neck in its respective carotid sheath

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carotid arteries

terminates at the upper border of the respective side of thyroid cartilage by dividing into its terminal branches

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internal carotid artery

  • each artery ascends within its respective carotid sheath

  • each artery enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal to supply the brain

  • does not give off any branches in the neck

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external carotid artery

  • each artery ascends toward its respective artery

  • each artery gives off 8 named branches that supply all of the structures of the neck on its respective side

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superior thyroid artery

the first branch of the external carotid artery

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brachiocephalic trunk

branch where the right subclavian artery arises from

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arch of the aorta

branch where the left subclavian artery arises from

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subclavian arteries

course through the neck on its respective side posterior to the scalene anterior muscle

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posterior

location of the subclavian arteries in reference to the scalene anterior muscle

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axillary artery

name the subclavian artery takes after coursi

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axillary artery

name of the subclavian artery after it the lateral border of the first rib

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vertebral artery

one branch of the subclavian arteries

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subclavian vein

arises as a continuation of its respective axillary vein at the lateral border of the first rib

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subclavian vein

courses through its respective side of the neck anterior to the scalene anterior muscle, the muscle separates it from the respective subclavian artery

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brachiocephalic vein

formed by the termination of the subclavian vein joining the internal jugular vein

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external jugular vein

arises on respective side from veins draining the scalp and the face

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external jugular vein

course superficially on respective side across the sternocleidomastoid