BIO101A - 9/4 and 9/2 Lecture Quiz

Building blocks of lipids

Glycerol 3-C alcohol

FA- long CH chain, one end terminated by carboxyl group

Saturated fatty acid

no C=C bonds

Unsaturated fatty acids

have at least one C=C bond

Interpret this:

What is 18:1 (delta 9) Oleic Acid

18-C hydrocarbon chain with C=C bond on C #9

Fatty acids are covalently bonded to glycerol via

Dehydration reaction

Fatty acids on same glycerol can be

different lengths

different degrees of saturation

Fats with saturated FA tend to be… @ RT

solids

Fats with cis-unsaturated FA are… @ RT

liquids

bc of kinks that create dense packing

What do triglycerides (fats) do?

Long-term storage

Insulation

Cushioning (glutes)

Water repellent (hydrophobic)

How do you count carbons in a FA?

C#1 is the carboxyl gp

Alpha end

Carboyxl side

Omega end

Opposing of carboxyl side

What is the functional group found in all fatty acids?

Carboyxl Grop

Carboyxl Gp of FA + Hydroxyl Group on glycerol creates

Ester linkage when forming a triglyceride

Animals →

saturated FA

Plants →

unsaturated

Two triglycerides are bonded by…

hydrophobic interactions

Phospholipid structure

one FA w/ phosphate + polar entity

hydrophilic head

long hydrophobic tail

Correct this statement

Prokaryotes have a nucleus

Membrane-bound organelles

Larger (10-100 micrometers)

Domain Eukarya

No nucleus

Few or none membrane-bound organelles

1-10 micrometers

Domain eubacteria

Domain archaea

Eukaryotic organisms are

DNA linear chromosomes

Larger 10-100 micrometers

Domain Eukarya

What is the priority in cellular respiration?

Carbohydrates

FA tails are hydrophobic

T

Hydrophilic heads like water

T

Micelles fuse with →

muscle membranes inside the cell

Sterols

form 4 hydrophobic closed rings

Sterol funciton

Membrane structure

Hormones (chemical messengers)

Cholesterol tends to →

build up plaque/deposits → blocks blood flow to organs

What information does DNA store?

primary structure for structure of proteins

Phosphate → _________ → Nitrogen Base

5-carbon sugar

nitrogen base

organic ring, backbone of C & N

one ring → cytosine, thymine, uracil

double ring

adenine, guanine

There are only two sugars involved in DNA and RNA.

T

Phosphodiester linkage →

oxygen on both sides

carbon is replaced by a phosphate

DNA

Deoxyribose

Two polynucleotides

Thymine, No Uracil

RNA

Ribose

One polynucleotide

Uracil, No Thymine

The four principles of cell theory

all organisms consist of cells

cells arise from other cells

chemical reactions occur in cells

cell have hereditary material

electron miscroscope purpose (0.2nm)

visualize organelles, ultrastructure

but cannot see dead cells bc of preparation

structural artifacts

alls cells must have

cytoplasm

enzymes