Biology unit 5

studied byStudied by 18 people
5.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

Pathogen

1 / 31

flashcard set

Earn XP

32 Terms

1

Pathogen

Disease-causing microoganism

New cards
2

Toxin

Harmful chemical produced by microorganism

New cards
3

Protist

Example of a microoganism

New cards
4

Positive effects of using bacteria

Assist in digesting food

Some bacteria produce vaccines, antibiotics and/or drugs

Act as decomposers

New cards
5

Pathogens can enter the body by:

Water (eg drinking contaminated water)

Air (eg breathing in droplets)

Direct contact (eg touching an infected person)

New cards
6

Droplet infection

An infection spread from one person to another by droplets of water released from the upper respiratory tract by sneezing/coughing. Can be prevented by wearing masks.

New cards
7

Bacteria

Single celled organisms

Have a circular strand of DNA rather than a nucleus

Do not contain mitochondria

May have a flagellum

Living cells

New cards
8

Viruses

NOT cells

Smaller than bacteria

Consist of genetic material and a protein coat

New cards
9

How do bacteria cause disease

Reproduce rapidly by splitting in 2 (binary fission) and produce toxins which can damage cells

New cards
10

How do viruses cause disease

Live and reproduce rapidly inside host cells, continuing until the cell bursts. Cell damage is what causes people to feel unwell

New cards
11

Health

A state of physical and mental wellbeing

New cards
12

2 examples of how health problems interact

Viruses can trigger changes in cells leading to cancer

Defects in the immune system mean someone is more likely to suffer from infectious diseases

Reactions initially caused by a pathogen can trigger allergies such as asthma and skin rashes

Poor physical health can lead to mental illnesses such as depression

Malnutrition can link to other conditions such as obesity, cancer, type 2 diabetes and a weakened immune system

New cards
13

4 types of pathogens

Bacteria

Fungus

Viruses

Protists

New cards
14

Louis Pasteur

Developed the germ theory of disasae, showing that it was caused by living microoganisms

New cards
15

Joseph Lister

Introduced the use of carbolic acid to sterilise instruments and to clean wounds in surgeries

New cards
16

Ignaz Semmelweis

Proved that hand-washing could dramatically reduce the number of deaths during childbirth

New cards
17

Florence Nightengale

Introduced handwashing and other hygienic practices into hospitals

New cards
18

How to prevent the spread of infection

Hygiene- cleans away/kills pathogens

Isolating infected individuals- reduces the spread by limiting contact

Destroying/controlling vectors- reduces spread of pathogens

Vaccination- Strengthens immune systems defences against the disease

New cards
19

Symptoms of measles

Cold-like symptoms

Sore, red and swollen eyes

Red skin rash

Fever

Aches and pains

Loss of appetite

Tiredness

New cards
20

How is measles spread

Droplet infection and direct contact

New cards
21

Symptoms of HIV

Fever

Fatigue

Swollen lymph nodes

Diarrhoea

Weight loss

Other flu-like symptoms

New cards
22

How is HIV spread

Direct sexual contact and sharing blood (eg sharing needles)

New cards
23

TMV symptoms

Mottled leaves

Stunted growth

Reduced yields in affected crops

New cards
24

How is TMV spread

Mechanically- from infected plants to scratched/damaged leaves of normal plants

New cards
25

Salmonella symptoms

Fever

Cramps

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

New cards
26

How is salmonella spread

By bacteria ingested in food or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

New cards
27

How is the spread of salmonella managed

Poultry are vaccinated against it

New cards
28

Gonorrhoea symptoms

Thick yellow/green discharge

Pain on urinating

New cards
29

How is gonorrhoea spread

Direct sexual contact

New cards
30

How is the spread of gonorrhoea controlled

Treated with antibiotics (although some strains are resistant)

Barrier method of contraception (eg condoms)

New cards
31

Physical defences of plants against disease

Waxy cuticle

Cell walls made from cellulose

Layers of dead cells around stems (eg bark on trees)

New cards
32

Chemical defences of plants against disease

Some plants produce antibacterial chemicals- eg mint and witch hazel

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 52 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8019 people
Updated ... ago
4.8 Stars(38)
note Note
studied byStudied by 4 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 45 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 790 people
Updated ... ago
4.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 328 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard39 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard29 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard31 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard40 terms
studied byStudied by 298 people
Updated ... ago
4.8 Stars(5)
flashcards Flashcard30 terms
studied byStudied by 123 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard51 terms
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard351 terms
studied byStudied by 1 person
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard30 terms
studied byStudied by 25 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)