Unit 4 - Biochemistry (Schreiner)

Polymer

a large molecule made of of many smaller repeating repeating sub-units, called monomers, linked together.

single unit

Monomer

dehydration synthesis

the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released (water waste product)

Hydrolysis

a chemical reaction in which water is used to break down a compound (water added in)

monosaccharide

glucose is a....

monosaccharide

fructose is a...

monosaccharide

galactose is a...

monosaccharide

Ribose is a...

monosaccharide

Deoxyribose is a...

Polysaccharide

A carbohydrate created when three or more monosaccharides are linked together ex. starches

disaccharide

A carbohydrate created when two monosaccharides are linked together

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (CHO)

What are the elements in carbohydrates?

1:2:1 (CHO)

What is the ratio of the elements in a carbohydrate?

disaccharide

lactose is a...

disaccharide

maltose is a...

disaccharide

sucrose is a...

polysaccharide

starch is a...

polysaccharide

cellulose is a...

polysaccharide

fiber is a...

polysaccharide

chitin is a...

polysaccharide

glycogen is a...

maltose

glucose+glucose=

sucrose

glucose+fructose=

lactose

glucose+galactose=

glycogen

humans use glucose (short term energy) to make long term energy storage aka...

cellulose/fiber

What 2 polysaccharides can humans not digest?

chitin

What is found in the exoskeletons of crabs/lobsters?

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

What are the 4 macromolecules?

2

How many electrons are present in one covalent bond?

the chemistry of life

What is biochemistry?

carbon/versatility

Every living or dead thing has\_____because of\_______.

CH4

methane molecular formula is...

C2H6

ethane molecular formula is...

C3H8

propane molecular formula is...

carbon chain

What is this?

carbon ring/aromatics

What is this?

1

a monomer can also be seen as \_____ building block.

multiple

a polymer can also be seen as \_____ building blocks.

polymers

a macromolecules are...

significant amounts of energy

C-H bonds store...

amino acids

polymer=proteins, then monomer=

carbohydrate

monomer=monosaccharides, then polymer=

nucleic acids

monomer=nucleotides, then polymer=

fatty acids and glycerol

polymer=lipids, then monomer=

dehydration synthesis

What is this?

hydrolysis

What is this?

glycosidic linkage (1-2)

The bond is sucrose is a...

6

Glucose is a \______ sided ring

5

Fructose is a \_____ sided ring

DNA and RNA

The two nucleic acids are....

nucleotides

The monomers in nucleic acids are called...

RNA

What is this?

DNA

What is this?

nucleic acids

What is the macromolecule that is made up of DNA and RNA?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

What elements are found in nucleic acids?

To transmit hereditary information

What is the function of RNA and DNA?

nucleotide

What is this?

short term energy

What is the function of a carbohydrate?

monosaccharide

What is this?

cell

DNA is sometimes referred to as the "hard drive of the\______"

proteins

DNA contains information for making\__________.

nucleus

DNA is stored and stays in the \_________.

move around

What can RNA do that DNA can't do in the cell?

shorter

Is RNA shorter or longer than DNA?

master blueprint

DNA is the \________ meaning it can't afford to be damaged.

disposable blueprint

RNA is the \______ meaning it's okay if it's damaged.

proteins

RNA has lots of jobs related to making \____________.

make exact copies of themselves

Both DNA and RNA can \_________.

nucleotides

Both DNA and RNA are repeating subunits of \___________.

pentose sugar (5C)

What type of sugar is found in a nucleotide?

nitrogenous base

What type of base in a nucleotide?

DNA

This indicates this is part of a nucleotide that makes up......

RNA

This indicates this is part of nucleotide that makes up.....

phosphate group

Other than the sugar and the base, what else is found in a nucleotide?

nitrogenous bases

What are these?

phosphate group

What is this?

water

What is released when two nucleotides are linked together?

phosphodiester bond

What links together these two nucleotides after dehydration synthesis was performed?

joins the sugar-phosphate backbone

What part of the two nucleotides does the phosphodiester bond connect and therefore create in DNA and RNA?

purines

What are these?

Pyrimidines

What are these?

A and G

What bases are purines?

T, U, C

What bases are pyrimidines?

DNA and RNA

Where can G, A, and C bases be found?

RNA

What is Uracil (U) exclusive to?

DNA

What is Thymine (T) exclusive to?

Adenine

A=

Guanine

G=

Cytosine

C=

Thymine

T=

Uracil

U=

U bases(RNA) and T bases(DNA)

What do A bases pair with?

C bases

What bases do G bases pair with?

2

How many rings do purines have?

1

How many rings do pyrimidines have?

double

Is DNA double or single stranded?

single

Is RNA double or single stranded?

DNA

Which type of nucleic acid is less resistant to UV damage?

weak bonds

Nitrogenous bases are....

strong bonds

The sugar-phosphate backbone has....