Social Studies Midterm - 8

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Archaeology

The study of ancient peoples.

Artifacts

Objects made by people which they left behind.

Ice Age

A period of extremely cold temperature, in which the Earth's water formed huge sheets of ice, glaciers.

Civilizations

Highly developed societies that built grand cities, created spectacular works of art, and developed advanced tools.

Northwest Passage

A water route directly through North America to Asia.

Global Exchange

The growth of trade and ideas across the world, leading to improved economies.

The Mystery of Roanoke

The deserted colony of Roanoke, with many theories about what happened.

The Virginia Company

A joint stock company that established the settlement of Jamestown in Virginia.

Seeking Religious Freedom

Protestants, reformists, and Puritans who wanted to reform or break away from the Anglican Church.

The Pilgrims Settle Plymouth

Separatists who came from England to seek religious freedom and settled in Plymouth.

The Middle Colonies

New Netherlands, New Amsterdam, and Manhattan Island, which became a center of shipping and trade.

Pennsylvania

Founded by Quakers, a Protestant group that had been persecuted in England.

Making a living in the Colonies

Subsistence farming, trade, fishing, and shipbuilding were ways the colonies made money.

The Growth of Slavery

Slavery in North America, with slaves brought through the Middle Passage.

English Principles of Government

Magna Carta, representative government, and the Glorious Revolution.

Mercantilism

A country builds wealth and power by building supplies out of gold and silver.

Enlightenment

The spread of the idea that knowledge is the reason and that science can improve society.

French and Indian War

The British alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy and the Treaty of Paris marking the end of France's North American power.

Writs of assistance

Documents that allowed British soldiers to search anywhere.

Sons of Liberty

A radical group of Patriots that protested British control and policies.

Taxes on colonies

Stamp, Tea, and Townshend Acts.

Boston Massacre

Violence erupted, and nervous Redcoats fired weapons, killing five colonists.

Boston Tea Party

Colonists dressed as Native Americans and dumped British tea into the harbor as a boycott.

Continental Congress

Delegates gathered in Philadelphia to challenge Britain and set up a new government.

Loyalists

sided with the British

Patriots

sided with the colonists

Second Continental Congress

Authorized printing of money, established a post office, and formed committees to handle relationships with Native Americans and foreign countries.

Continental Army

Strategized with George Washington as commander.

Declaration of Independence

Stated principles about democracy, human rights, and equality, listing complaints against the British and asserting the right to be free and independent states.