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Archaeology
The study of ancient peoples.
Artifacts
Objects made by people which they left behind.
Ice Age
A period of extremely cold temperature, in which the Earth's water formed huge sheets of ice, glaciers.
Civilizations
Highly developed societies that built grand cities, created spectacular works of art, and developed advanced tools.
Northwest Passage
A water route directly through North America to Asia.
Global Exchange
The growth of trade and ideas across the world, leading to improved economies.
The Mystery of Roanoke
The deserted colony of Roanoke, with many theories about what happened.
The Virginia Company
A joint stock company that established the settlement of Jamestown in Virginia.
Seeking Religious Freedom
Protestants, reformists, and Puritans who wanted to reform or break away from the Anglican Church.
The Pilgrims Settle Plymouth
Separatists who came from England to seek religious freedom and settled in Plymouth.
The Middle Colonies
New Netherlands, New Amsterdam, and Manhattan Island, which became a center of shipping and trade.
Pennsylvania
Founded by Quakers, a Protestant group that had been persecuted in England.
Making a living in the Colonies
Subsistence farming, trade, fishing, and shipbuilding were ways the colonies made money.
The Growth of Slavery
Slavery in North America, with slaves brought through the Middle Passage.
English Principles of Government
Magna Carta, representative government, and the Glorious Revolution.
Mercantilism
A country builds wealth and power by building supplies out of gold and silver.
Enlightenment
The spread of the idea that knowledge is the reason and that science can improve society.
French and Indian War
The British alliance with the Iroquois Confederacy and the Treaty of Paris marking the end of France's North American power.
Writs of assistance
Documents that allowed British soldiers to search anywhere.
Sons of Liberty
A radical group of Patriots that protested British control and policies.
Taxes on colonies
Stamp, Tea, and Townshend Acts.
Boston Massacre
Violence erupted, and nervous Redcoats fired weapons, killing five colonists.
Boston Tea Party
Colonists dressed as Native Americans and dumped British tea into the harbor as a boycott.
Continental Congress
Delegates gathered in Philadelphia to challenge Britain and set up a new government.
Loyalists
sided with the British
Patriots
sided with the colonists
Second Continental Congress
Authorized printing of money, established a post office, and formed committees to handle relationships with Native Americans and foreign countries.
Continental Army
Strategized with George Washington as commander.
Declaration of Independence
Stated principles about democracy, human rights, and equality, listing complaints against the British and asserting the right to be free and independent states.
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