HIST 1110 - Survey of World History Ch 7 "Worlds Together Worlds Apart" Final Exam

HIST 1110 - Survey of World History Ch 7 "Worlds Together Worlds Apart" Final Exam

What did both the Han and the Roman empires have in common?

Both were globalizing empires, covering vast territories. Both were models for future governments and had 60 million people. They both were agrarians. Both had common identities. They both used strict and violent means to create their empires. Women did not have as many rights, but some became prominent. Both had many coins and roads in their empires.

What differentiated the Hans and the Romans?

The Hans employed free peasants to help build public works, while the Romans used slave labor. The Hans used a dynastic system, while the Romans used a citizen, elected as the ruler. The Hans had smaller, cleaner, capitals, while the Romans had huge, crowded capitals. The Hans preferred private entertainment for the wealthy, while the Romans promoted public entertainment for all. Rome lasted longer than Han China.

How did the Han come to power?

The Qin dynasty won over the others during the Warring States period. Though these people were around for only 14 years due to collapse (high taxes and war), they set precedence for the Han, who took power. They ended up having to build defenses against the Xiongnu in the north.

How did Shi Huangdi shape the Qin dynasty?

After claiming the mandate of heaven, this ruler reorganized states and displaced people, so they would not revolt. His advisor, Li Si, advocated for a legalistic and controlling government. Huangdi then implemented state-controlled learning, roads, and a central government.

Who was the first Han emperor, and what did he advocate?

This ruler, Liu Bang, saw the previous dynasty as "evil" even though he kept old traditions and laws.

What was Emperor Wu's government characterized by?

This government was strict, hierarchical, and this ruler executed a lot of people in fear of revolt. The Imperial University prepared people to serve in the government, and Confucianism was promoted. After defeating the Xiongnu, Pax Sinica was created.

What ended up ending Emperor Wu's reign?

Deforestation caused dirt to get into the river, and this flooded it. Crops were ruined, tribute couldn't be paid, and famines happened. The mandate of heaven was lost.

When Emperor Wu finished his reign, who tried to claim the mandate of heave, what did he do, and how did the people like it?

Wang Mang tried to fix society during the Yellow River floods through regrouping land and taking gold, but the citizens despised this, and his "evil rule" ended quickly.

What differences characterized the Eastern Han from the Western Han?

The government was much less centralized, and power went to land owners instead of the government. With this, more hierarchy formed between classes, and peasants were oppressed.

What did the Yellow Turban group do?

This group saw the oppression of peasants and called for a change. Because of the revolt, there was famine and the mandate of heaven was lost again. China was divided into 3 kingdoms: Wei, Shu, and Wu.

What were the reasons why Rome grew?

This empire grew powerful because of immigrants, a successful millitary, and good political ideas.

How did the Romans come into power?

After the Gallic people attacked the more powerful Etruscans, the Etruscans were weakened. This future empire then attacked smaller and weaker cities, gathering conscripts as they went. Finally, they conquered the Etruscans. This empire did not accept defeat. After this, they began forming their government. They elected their officials through "Res Publica" and those in the army served a long time. Because there was a big divide between rich and poor, the poor would become military people as a way to get some money. This way, commanders became powerful people, and would fight each other. They took slaves from the Germans and Goths.

What were the Punic wars?

The Romans fought against their Tunisian rivals, Carthage.

How were Shi Huangdi and Octavian similar?

These two rulers managed to make peace in their empires, and both called themselves "August".

The Parthians (Sasanians as successors) were skilled horse archers, and what did they do?

These groups kept the Roman Empire from expanding further. These groups did not expand because their battle techniques only worked in flat areas.