CDEP HISTORY ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

Renaissance

Means rebirth of the art of classic antiquity. Man was freed from religious restraints of the Medieval times.

Florence

Where the Renaissance began

De Re Aedificatoria

Most important of the architectural treatises by Leon Battista Alberti (1452-1485).

Humanism and Secularism

The two ideals that were pursued by artists and architects.

Humanism

An ideology that believes that humans had been given the ability for rational thought to some meaningful end.

Secularism

The weakening of the spiritual and political leadership of the Church.

Guilds

Regulated and standardized crafts; when one is not a member of a guild then one is not fit for practice.

Medici

A prominent family of Florence. They acquired great wealth in banking and spent money on architects and artists.

The Gate of Paradise

Ghiberti

Early Renaissance period

When did linear perspective developed?

Leonardo da Vinci

Adoration of the Magi by

Chiaroscuro

The use of light and dark to achieve a heightened illusion of depth. The use of shadows to give massing instead of outlines.

Foreshortening

Method of rendering a specific object in depth. The distortion that is seen by the eye when an object is viewed at a distance.

Andrea Mantegna

Dead Christ by

Giotto

The Death of St. Francis by

Masaccio

The Expulsion From Eden by

Giotto di Bondone

The founder of Renaissance painting. He is known as the first naturalistic painter of Italy.

Masaccio, Tomaso Guidi

A disciple of Giotto. 1st great painter of the Italian Renaissance.

Masaccio, Tomaso Guidi

He created one of the best examples of chiaroscuro which was a painting named The Expulsion from Eden.

Fra Angelico

A Dominican monk who created purely religious art. He made use of luminous, gem-like colors and diffused light in slender

forms.

Fra Angelico

The Annunciation by

Fra Filippo Lippi

A complete antithesis of Fra Angelico; he was also a monk but

was dismissed because of abducting a nun.

Fra Filippo Lippi

Madonna and Child by

Alessandro Botticelli

Primavera The Birth of Venus by

Alessandro Botticelli

Renaissance painter who painted members of the Medici family, and the famed Birth of Venus.

Jan van Eyck

Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and who pioneered modern techniques of oil painting

The Ghent altar piece

is a multi-tych composed of several artworks. When the altar piece is opened, his painting called Worship of the Lamb

could be seen wherein the subjects were dressed in Renaissance colors and he portrayed Jesus like the Pope. When the altar piece is closed, a painting of an Angel

visiting Mary in a contemporary setting could be seen on the middle register.

Grisaille

The use of all grey tones to create a sculptural effect on paintings, as shown on the bottom register of the altar piece.

Donatello

David by

Donatello

Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.

Lorenzo Ghiberti

A sculptor who did the north and east doors of the Baptistery of San Giovanni.

Filippo Brunelleschi

The Duomo by

Ospedale Degli Innocenti

Foundling Hospital. It was commissioned by Giovanni Medici

for the poor.

Tondo

A round arch wherein the space between the columns would form a perfect square.

Loggia

An arcading that opens to one side.

Piano Nobile

Translates to noble floor, and is the main receiving area.

Palazzo Rucellai by Leon Battista Alberti

Each level had a corresponding order. The 1st level featured Tuscan Columns, the 2nd level featured Corinthian Columns, and the 3rd level featured Ionic Columns.

Palazzo Pitti by Luca Pitti

It is the largest palace in Italy aside from the Vatican.

High Renaissance

Represented by a culmination of talent. Placed emphasis on draftsmanship and illusion of sculptural volume in painting.

Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael.

The three big names of High Renaissance Art are?

Leonardo da Vinci

Attempted to unite science with art. He used sfumato which translates to smokey in Italian.

Sfumato

A modeling technique which consisted of blurring the sharp

outlines with subtle, tonal gradations imparting a mysterious

enigmatic quality.

Rafaello Sanzio

Studied in Florence. He usually painted beautiful, gentle, calm women in a courteous manner.

Raphael

The School of Athens by

Leonardo da Vinci

The Last Supper by

Giorgione

Sleeping Venus by

Giorgione

Most famous of Venetian Renaissance painters.

Michelangelo Buonarotti

He trained in Florence and used the knowledge to glorify God. His style became the foundation of Baroque-Mannerism.

Michelangelo Buonarotti

was more into sculpture than painting because he views sculptures as a higher art form.

Titian

The Venus of Urbino by

Michelangelo Buonarotti

Pieta by

Albrecht Durer

Known as Leonardo of the North. He produced more than a thousand woodcuts and engravings.

Albrecht Durer

Adam & Eve by

Pieter Bruegel The Elder

The Blind Leading the Blind by

Pieter Bruegel The Elder

The greatest Flemish Painter of the Dutch Renaissance. He is well-off but chose to immerse himself with peasants and is known for genre paintings.

Donato Bramante

Tempietto by

Tempietto

Meaning small temple, marks the spot of St. Peter's crucifixion.

Measures 15 ft. in diameter and is reminiscent to the circular planned building.

Capitoline Hill by Michelangelo

Composed of the Palace of the Senate by the right, the Capitoline Museum at the top, the conservatory at the left and the statue of Marcus Aurelius at the middle.

Mannerism

A term applied to exaggerated styles, striking visual effects by over muscular or elongated figures set in extravagantly contorted panes.

Mannerism

The start of scientific achievements by Galileo with his theory that the Earth is not flat and Newton and his theory of gravity.

Jacopo Pantormo

The Descent From The Cross by

Parmigianino

Madonna of the Long Neck by

Tintoretto

The Last Supper by

Tintoretto

Venice's Master of Mannerism. He was termed IL Furioso because of his energy in painting and is known for his dramatic use of perspectival space and special lighting effects.

Figura Serpentinata

The S line in Mannerist paintings which translates to serpent.

Veronese

The Marriage Feast at Cana by

Veronese

Known as a supreme colorist and uses illusionistic decorations in both fresco and oil. His works are in dramatic and colorful Mannerist style.

Agnolo Bronzio

He excelled in cool mannerist portraits.

Michelangelo

The Last Judgment by

Andrea Palladio

A mannerist architecture. Villa Rotonda "Villa Capra" by

Andrea Palladio (1508-1580)

The greatest architect of 16th Century Italy.

Baroque Style

Artists placed emphasis on emotion and dynamism and there was a deliberate lack of clarity when it comes to themes.

Baroco

A Portuguese term for imperfect pearl.

The Council of Trent

Gave the Church the power to persecute non-Christians.

The Edict of Nantes

Allowed other religions to practice.

The Royal Academy, France

Founded by the royal minister Jean Batiste Colbert to manipulate images for political advantages.

Caravaggio

The Entombment of Christ by

Michelangelo Caravaggio

He used dramatic, realistic and chiaroscuro technique. He chose ordinary people as the figures in his religious works.

Tenebrism

Also called the 3rd lighting technique, comes from the word

tenebroso meaning to obscure. It is the use of a very dark overall tonality of the painting.

Rembrandt van Rijn

Greatest genius of the Dutch school who painted portraits and scenes of genre and religious subjects.

Rembrandt lighting

A type of low-key lighting technique that shows graded transitions from light to dark with shadows in warm colors. Features a warm white drama.

Jan Vermeer

Woman Holding Water Pitcher by

Jan Vermeer

Little Dutch Master. His usual subjects focus on women doing household chores. The subjects are also seen standing next to a window.

Peter Paul Rubens

Samson and Delilah by

Peter Paul Rubens

Greatest Flemish painter of Baroque. He was able to produce about 2000 paintings.

Rubenesque

Means voluptuous and muscular figures as the beauty ideal.

Imprimatura

The combination of light effects and color also known as chromatic intensity.

Anthony Van Dyck

Earl of Warwick by

Anthony Van Dyck

He specialized in aristocratic portraiture that featured exquisite detailing of silken fabrics, fine laces and trimmings.

Gianlorenzo Bernini

The Ecstasy of St. Teresa

Gianlorenzo Bernini

David

Gianlorenzo Bernini

Mainly a sculptor, he was influenced by Michelangelo and used dynamism to portray figures.

Baroque Architecture

Characterized by free and sculptural use of classical orders and ornaments and dynamic opposition of spaces.

Solomonic Columns

Named Solomonic because it was believed to be derived from

Solomon's temple. These are columns with a twisted shaft.

St. Peter's Basilica by Bernini

Façade was made by Carlo Maderna while the baldachino and piazza by Bernini. The Piazza was surrounded by 284 columns in the Tuscan Style. The basilica was also topped with various popes.

Francesco Borromini

San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane

Church of Il Gesu

The mother church of the Society of Jesus or the Jesuits. The façade is considered the first truly baroque façade.

Giacomo Vignola

Church of Il Gesu

Bernini

Baldacchino over the tomb of St. Peter

Santa Maria della Salute

Roman Catholic Church which had a lot of sculptural figures. It was made round to symbolize the womb of Mary.