Nurs 225 Test 2

hallmark

research is the _________ of our profession

Basic research

research for the sake of new knowledge

Applied research

Research study results to reach the intended audience

internal validity

attempting to create an internal reality of the society under study with the methods selected

gap

something in literature that indicates a need for research

academic and hospital/healthcare settings

where does most research take place?

collect and analyze data

In order for a question to be researchable, the researcher must be able to what?

etic

Quantitative research is ______ in nature

for the protection of human subjects/study participants

what is the main purpose of the IRB (institutional review board)

increases autonomy

informed consent does what?

hypothesis

a statement of predicted relationships between variables (an educated guess)

null hypothesis

a hypothesis stating the absence of a relationship between the variables under the study. It is used primarily in statistical testing as the hypothesis to be rejected

independent variable

can be manipulated (changed up); cause, intervention

dependent variable

effect, outcome, or result

extraneous variable

can be “adjusted” for… knew about the variable but it is not a variable under consideration for the study

confounding variable

unplanned did not know about the variable “cannot adjust for”

meta-analysis

level 1

experimental designs(randomized controlled trials)

level 2

well-designed quasi-experimental design (not randomized or no control group)

level 3

well-designed nonexperimental design

level 4

case reports, clinical expertise, expert opinion

level 5

method section

what section do you read of an article to determine the level of evidence?

level 2 or level 3

was there an intervention? what levels would that be

level 2

was there a control group in the article? what level is that

level 2

what level is level decision?

level, evidence

seek the highest ____ __of__ _______ possible from the literature

literature

build from the ______ matrix

annotated bibliography, individual

what is reporting out articles individually? what is it not?

literature synthesis

what is written in a narrative format along with citations?

experimental

Meta-analysis is a literature review re-examining and re-working data from mostly published studies using a _______ design

random control trial( level 2)

experimental level design is also called ____? what level is it?

probability sampling and non-probability sampling

what are the two broad sampling approaches

inclusion criteria

characteristics/ attributes of the people you want in the study

exclusion criteria

people who may have the characteristics/attributes you are looking for but for some reason may skew the information collected

simple random

putting everyones name in a hat, random table of numbers. What probability sample is this?

stratified random

participants are placed in categories first to assure representation. What probability sample is this?

systematic random

every K(th) person will be in an intervention or control group. What probability sample is this?

Cluster sampling

typically used when seeking a larger sample size. What probability sample is this?

valitity (strength)

what does a random sample add to a study?

convenience sampling

what is the most common approach in nursing research studies?

cohort sampling

What looks for representation but unlike stratified random uses a non-probability approach such as convenience sampling

snowball sampling

what seeks additional study participants/sample by asking those already sampled to provide others who may participate

Likert scale

what assumes that the strength/ intensity of an attitude is linear, i.e. on a continuum from strongly agree to strongly disagree

novel data

what is new data that the researcher is collecting for a current study

questionnaire

what is a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study

a valid tool

what is a tool that measures what it’s supposed to measure

consistent over time

what are a reliable tool’s measurements?

yes

Can a data collection too be valid but not reliable? reliable but not valid? neither?

Cronbach’s alpha

for a survey a mathematical formula can determine the strength of the survey. what is this called?

internal consistency

Cronbach’s alpha measures how a survey measures what it is intended to measure. What is this called?

more valid, stronger, better

The closer the coefficient is to “1” the __________ the tool

0 and 1.0

The Cronbach’s alpa is reported as a coefficient/number between ____ __and__ _______.

descriptive statistics

what kind of statistics explains/describes

inferential statistics

what kind of statistics assist in making predictions

external validity

what is the ability to transfer results of a study to another like population

t-test

difference 2 variables: ex. results pre/post test

ANOVA

difference more than 2 variables

pearson product moment

relationship between variables

range, central tendency (mean, median, mode), percentages, and standard deviation

what are the four tests for descriptive statistics

getting the results of a study from “the bench to the bedside?”… applying the science

what is translation?

getting the results of a study to where others can use it (know becomes a part of the available evidence)

what is dissemination?

huddle, in-service education, bulletin board, research week poster

Internal to the healthcare organization

poster at a professional meeting, article publication, podium presentation at a professional meeting

external to the healthcare organization

it is an idea

what is a concept?

a construct

what’s more complex than an idea, deliberately invented for a specific project

Orem

who made the self-care nursing theory?

1. an explanation of some aspect of reality
2. similar to a framework
3. abstract in nature
4. guides the development of research

what are some attributes of a theory? (important)