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CPU
The central processing unit; it executes instructions and performs calculations for programs.
memory (RAM)
Volatile storage that holds data and instructions currently being used by the CPU.
volatile memory
Memory that loses its contents when the power is turned off, such as RAM and cache.
non-volatile storage
Storage that retains data even when power is off, e.g., SSDs, HDDs, thumb drives.
IoT
The Internet of Things; a network of interconnected physical devices that collect and share data.
digital reality
A collective term for technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR).
BYOD
Bring Your Own Device - a policy that allows employees to use personal devices for work purposes.
client/server computing
A model where client devices request resources/services from centralized servers.
operating system
System software that manages hardware resources and provides a platform for applications.
virtual machine
Software that simulates a physical computer, allowing multiple OSs to run on one host.
virtual networking
A network where software-based entities simulate network connections and traffic flow.
user interface
The part of a computer system that allows users to interact with the system, such as GUIs.
browser
Software used to access and navigate the World Wide Web (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).
FTP
File Transfer Protocol - a standard for transferring files between computers over a network.
LAN
Local Area Network - a network connecting computers within a limited area like an office.
WAN
Wide Area Network - a network that spans a large geographic area and connects multiple LANs.
data packet
A formatted unit of data sent across a network using packet-switching techniques.
TCP/IP
A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the Internet.
analog and digital signals
Analog is continuous and variable, digital is discrete and binary (0s and 1s).
cellular networking
A wireless communication method that uses cell towers and mobile devices to transmit data.
wireless LAN
A local area network that uses wireless communication (Wi-Fi) instead of wired connections.
URL
Uniform Resource Locator - the address used to access a resource on the Internet.
World Wide Web
An information system on the Internet that allows access to documents through web browsers via hyperlinks.
VPN
Virtual Private Network - encrypts internet connections for secure, private communication over public networks.
cloud service offerings
Services delivered via the cloud, such as IaaS (Infrastructure), PaaS (Platform), and SaaS (Software).