201 Ch20- blood

Blood Components

plasma and formed elements

erythrocytes n hemoglobin

transport

O2/ CO2

Centrifugation

separate whole blood into components

RBC- heaviest /bottom layer.

High Erythrocyte Levels

INCREASE blood viscosity

Plasma

inside blood vessel

Interstitial fluid

outside cells/vessels

Intracellular fluid

inside cell

3 plasma proteins

albumins(smallest)

globulins

fibrinogen

-produced in liver

Albumin

maintains osmotic pressure, transports FAs/ thyroid hormone

Antibodies

are a type of globulin

fibrinogen

involved in blood clotting processes

Leukocytes

WBC

- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes & monocytes

RBC Characteristics

biconcave discs

thin center

no nucleus/organelles

contain hemoglobin

RBC CAN’T Repair

themselves bc lack nucleus/ organelles

No Nucleus/Mitochondria in RBCs

flexibility, more space, doesn't consume the O2 they transport

hemoglobin

Abundant Protein in RBCs

Hemoglobin Subunits

4 polypeptide subunits

(2 alpha 2 beta chains)

Ion in Heme Group

Iron (Fe2+)

• O2 binds to this ion

oxygen and carbon dioxide DON’T

compete for the same binding site on hemoglobin

Blood Type Determined

by presence of surface antigen on erythrocytes

Antibodies

type of protein in plasma

bind to antigens on erythrocytes (potentially causing agglutination /hemolysis)

Importance of Blood Type Matching

to avoid agglutination (clumping) and hemolysis

3 Antigens

agglutinogen A /B /D (Rh factor)

2 Antibodies

agglutinin a/ b

Blood Type B+

antigen= B and Rh factor

antibodies= produces Anti-A

Blood Type AB+

Has A and B antigens

produces no antibodies

Blood Type O-

no antigens

produces Anti-A/ Anti-B/ Anti-D antibodies

A+ to AB+ Donation

Yes, bc there is no Anti-A or Anti-D antibodies

AB- to B- Donation

No, bc the recipient produces Anti-A antibodies

2 Most Common Blood Types

O+ and A+.