Chapter 22 Key Terms - WWI Military, Diplomacy and the Homefront - APUSH

irreconcilables - 1919

Senators who voted against the League of Nations with or without reservations

Committee on Public Information - 1917

Organization also known as the Creel Commission which was responsible for rallying American's around the war effort through propaganda

Espionage Act - 1917

This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection.

Sedition Act - 1917

Made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, gauranteed by the First Amednment.

Schenck v. United States - 1919

A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.

Great Migration - 1914

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

George Creel

Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI

Edward House

He was President Wilson chief foreign policy adviser. He traveled to London, Paris, and Berlin to negotiate a peace settlement, but was unsuccessful.

John J. Pershing

Commander of American Expeditionary Force of over 1 million troops who insisted his soldiers fight as independent units so US would have independent role in shaping the peace

Henry Cabot Lodge

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations

Jeannette Rankin

First woman elected to the United States House of Representatives and the first female member of Congress. A Republican and a lifelong pacifist, she was the only member of Congress to vote against United States entry into both World War II and World War I. Additionally, she led resistance to the Vietnam War.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare- 1917

A policy that the Germans announced on January 1917 which stated that their submarines would sink any ship in the British waters without warning.

Lusitania - 1915

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Sussex Pledge - 1916

A promise Germany made to America, after Wilson threatened to sever ties, to stop sinking their ships without warning.

Zimmerman Telegram - 1917

March 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's proximity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Mexican territory in U.S. to Mexico.

Bolsheviks - 1917

Led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian government during WWI

Peace without victory - 1917

President Wilson call to the fighting nations that neither side would impose harsh terms on the others. Wilson hoped that all nations would join a "league for peace".

Fourteen Points - 1918

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Big Four - 1918

The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.

Treaty of Versailles - 1919

Treaty that was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

Self Determination - 1890

The ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will.

League of Nations - 1919

A world organization to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.

Article X - 1919

The Treaty of Versailles required signers join the League of Nations. The League of Nations charter, Article X, called on each member nation to be ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations.

Food Administration - 1917

This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.

Liberty Bonds - 1917

Where people bought bonds so the government could get that money now for war. The bonds increased in interest over time. Viewed as a very patriotic thing to do.

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