Blaze Imperialism Test

Imperialism in Africa, Asia, Hawaii, and Latin America

Sphere of Influence

granted exclusive trading rights in specific areas for a specific nation (China)

Protectorate

receive protection from your mother nation in return for trading rights

indirect rule

local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

direct rule

representatives from a mother nation would come and rule an area

Causes of Imperialism

• 3 Gs (God, Gold, Glory)

• M & M (Markets and Materials)

• Social Darwinism (racism)

King Leopold II

Was responsible for the Congo free state and people lost hands for not producing enough rubber. Since he was such a bad person he was removed from control causing the country (Britain) to now be incharge of the Kongo.

Berlin Conference

European nations try dividing up Africa peacefully but they don't invite any Africans! France, England, and Germany controlled most of Africa.

Boer War

In Africa, Boers (Dutch) move in to take over (relatively peacefully). Then, Boers went to war against the British for control of South Africa. The British win and control South Africa for a very long time.

Why Imperialism was successful

Technological advancements of parent country caused them to be more powerful than the less advanced imperialized nations.

European Challenges to the Muslim World

Outside/Internal pressures caused the Ottomans to fall and the many different cultures caused nationalism to chip away at the empire.

Egypt modernizes

Takes western ideas and Muhammed Ali is responsible for this(known as the father of modern Egypt)

Why Europe was interested in Egypt and Iran

Egypt: cotton and canals

Iran: oil

Menelik II

Emperor of Ethiopia; stops European imperialism which causes tension with Italy.

pasha

provincial ruler in the Ottoman empire (local Ottoman leaders)

Armenian Genocide

The Young Turks were nervous that Armenians were going to break away with Russia's help. So, they kill them and there are no consequences.

Suez Canal

A ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea that cut travel time by 43%.

Sepoy Rebellion is caused by . . .

Abuse, disrespect, and there are bullets with animal fat that go against the Muslim and Hindu religions. (A sepoy is an Indian soldier)

British East India Company

They brought many changes to India for their benefit so that they could protect their investment. This company basically ran India. However, they are no longer in power after the Sepoy Rebellion. Then, Britain is in charge, not the company.

Sati

The Indian custom of a widow voluntarily throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.

Viceroy

a governor that ruled with direct rule

Indian National Congress

Indian nationalist group formed to work for rights and power for Indians under British rule. However, Muslims didn't feel like they were properly represented. So, they form a Muslim league which leads to the creation of Pakistan.

In China what trade rights did westerners seek?

They wanted trade rights in multiple chinese ports.

Surplus

export \> import

Deficit

import \> export

Opium War

Europe gets China addicted to Opium. So, they go to war and China looses. Then, they have to pay indemnity.

indemnity

a payment for damage or loss

Extraterritoriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation, not the nation they are currently in

Taiping Rebellion

Peasants revolt because China was reluctant to make changes. The empress at the time in empress Ci Xi.

Sino-Japanse War

war between Japan and China for influence, power, and territory. Japan wins

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Boxer Uprising

the goal of this movement was to drive out the "foreign devils" who were polluting the land with their un-Chinese ways

French Indo China/Vietnam

Goes back and forth between who owns the land to finally being an independent nation. (France, Japan, France, Independent)

King Mongkut

King who helped Siam modernize

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by the US because they wanted pineapple

penal colony

sends notorious prisoners to Australia because they thought it was a waste land.

Marois

New Zealand natives

Regionalism

loyalty to a region

Benito Juarez

Mexican reform leader

Economic Dependence

depending on other areas to make money

Porfirio Diaz

Rules after Benito Juarez and ruins the reform plan

Monroe Doctrine

The US says that you can't cross an imaginary line

Roosevelt Corollary

Monroe Doctrine part 2 protecting anyone on their side of the line.

Peionage

tied to land until debt is payed off

Problems faces by the Tokugawa Shogunate

\-Peasant uprisings

\-Samurai unrest

\-financial problems

\-threats of Western encroachment

How did the US open Japan?

Perry brought a letter and they refused to trade with them. So, they brought their military ships and Japan agreed.

Causes of the Meiji Restoration

\-internal problems

\-dying feudal system

\-factions were growing

\-reinstating the emperor unified the people(nationalism)

\-outside pressure from foreigners(hard to catch up)

(Japan)

Effects of Meiji Restoration

\-the government became centralized around the emperor

\-political systems now allowed people to purse new opportunities

\-rapid industrialization

\-no more feudal systems

(Japan)

Treaty of Kanagawa

Treaty between Japan and the US. Japan agreed to open two ports to American ships

Meiji Restoration

When a young japanese emperor began his reign where a lot a reforms were put in place in order to industrialize.

Diet

a legislature that was made up of one elected house and one house appointed by the emperor (modeled off of the Germans)

Zaibatsu

powerful banking and industrial families in Japan. Super influential in Diet

Russo Japanese War

War between Russia and Japan; Japan wins

Treaty of Portsmouth

treaty that was signed in 1905 to end the russo-japanese war and Japan received control of Korea. (Korea wasn't happy)