Exam 1 317

Random assignment to groups and manipulation of the independent variable arenecessary criteria in a(n

Experimental study

Effect size is a proportion of ________ over ________.

. Systematic variance; total variance

You want to compare social behavior at various Virginia colleges. Members of theresearch team sit in front of the dining hall at different universities and record how manystudents enter by themselves or with friends. This is an example of:

Naturalistic observation

A major risk of undisguised observation is that:

The presence of the researcher may influence participants' behavior

I want to see if the amygdala of a child raised in an abusive household activates whenhearing the voice of their parent. I would most likely use:

FMRI

You are working with a team to design a questionnaire about college student attitudestowards social media. Your partner drafts the following questionnaire item: "How muchdo you agree that TikTok is educational and entertaining?" Which of the followingconcerns might you have about this item?

It is double-barreled

Rate how difficult this quiz is on a scale from 1 (not difficult at all) to 5 (very difficult).This item is an example of which of the following response formats?

Likert-scale

A true/false item uses which of the following response formats?

Dichotomous

Reassuring participants that their responses will stay anonymous helps to reduce:

Social desirability

Which of the following correctly describes acquiescence?

Some participants have a tendency to agree with questionnaire items, regardlessof item content

Given that theories can neither be proved nor disproved by the results of a researchstudy, how does scientific knowledge advance?

On the basis of accumulated evidence over many studies

To be scientific, hypotheses must be stated in such a way that they are

Falsifiable

Which of the following is NOT a criterion of scientific investigations

Researchers must agree regarding how results should be interpreted

When measuring behavior, researchers want the variability in the numbers they assignto participants' responses to

Correspond to the variability in participants' responses

Variance in a behavior that is related to variables that the researcher is investigating is______ variance

Systematic

Effect size is an index of the __________ of the relationship between variables.

Strength

Which of the following is NOT one of the main goals of psychological research?

Rumination

i am testing whether a form of PTSD treatment reduces nightmares in trauma survivors.This study is a form of _______ research

Applied

Which of the following descriptive statistics would be MOST skewed by an outlier(extreme score)?

Mean

You would like to see if there is a gender difference in how men and women respond tofinding money on the street. Your research assistant intentionally drops $50 on thesidewalk, and you record whether passersby keep the money or leave it on the sidewalk.This is an example of:

Contrived observation

I am interested in studying the childhoods of serial killers. I comb through the academicrecords of serial killers to compare their grades, classroom behavior, and disciplinaryhistories. This is an example of

Archival data

Variance.

Reflects the degree to which participants' scores differ from the mean

In order to facilitate the process of ________, researchers should ensure that themethods of their studies are publicly available.

Replication

_______ research describes human behavior through words, whereas ______ researchdescribes human behavior through numbers/statistics.

Qualitative, quantitative

i would like to know if students with certain personality characteristics perform better inschool. I have a group of students complete a personality test, and then statisticallycalculate the relationship between their personality test scores and their GPA. This is anexample of a(n)

Correlational study

As a researcher, our goal is to minimize _______ variance in our studies.

error

The purpose of _______ is to summarize and synthesize the findings of many studies onone particular topic.

Meta-analysis

You are testing whether eating breakfast affects how quickly middle schoolers can run amile. One student performed poorly because she was not wearing proper running shoes.The variability in this student's score from the mean is most likely due to:

Error variance

Mean and standard deviation are examples of

descriptive statistics

You are a research assistant for a professor who wants to study the process of joining asorority. You go through the process of "rushing" various sororities and document yourobservations. This is an example of:

Participant observation

Researchers should try to _______ interrater reliability

Maximize

A double-barreled item is one which

Contains two prompts at once

I ask participants to tell me their favorite things about VCU in a free response format.Before I can statistically analyze this data, I will have to engage in which of the followingprocesses

Content analysis

Experience sampling methods address which of the following challenges of self-report?

Recall bias

Participants in my study receive a text message at five random times throughout the day.They are asked to rate their current mood and level of hunger. This is an example ofwhich methodology

Experience sampling