APUSH Chapter 21: The Furnace of the Civil War

Wilderness Campaign

________ (1864): Grant launches a series of brutal and fatal attacks in VA, leading to public outcry against "Grant the Butcher ..

Peninsula Campaign

________ (1862): Lincoln orders Union General George McClellan to seize Richmond, and he decides to attack by water.

Congressional Committee

________ on the Conduct of the War: made up of radical Republicans who disliked the immense power given to the President but agitated Lincoln to advocate for emancipation.

Battle of Gettysburg

________ (1863): happened in Pennsylvania, marks another Union victory.

Shiloh

________: Grant hopes to build up on his victory from Fort Henry, and wins this battle at the Tennessee- Mississippi border despite a strong Confederate counter attack.

Antietam

________ (1862): a bloody conflict on both sides, it ends in a draw, but shows the prowess of the Union army.

Copperheads

________: Northern Democrats who obstructed the war effort by criticizing Lincoln, the draft, and emancipation.

Reform Bill

________ of 1867: Britain becomes an established political democracy, which shows how the domestic success of the liberty had international impacts.

Emancipation Proclamation

________ (1863): liberated slaves in Confederate states lany state in rebellion, which meant the border states could still keep their slaves.

Fort Henry

________ and Fort Donelson (1862): battle in Tennessee where Union General Ulysses Grant demands the unconditional surrender of the Confederate army → this Union victory allowed them to also secure Kentucky.

Union General William Sherman

Sherman's March (1864): ________, who was in charge of seizing Georgia, employed a "total war "tactic as he burned down the area, destroying infrastructure and civilian property → diminished Southern morale and destroyed potential Confederate supplies.

Peninsula Campaign (1862)

Lincoln orders Union General George McClellan to seize Richmond, and he decides to attack by water

Antietam (1862)

a bloody conflict on both sides, it ends in a draw, but shows the prowess of the Union army

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

liberated slaves in Confederate states lany state in rebellion, which meant the border states could still keep their slaves

13th amendment (1865)

prohibited slavery/ involuntary servitude (more on this and other Reconstruction amendments later)

Battle of Gettysburg (1863)

happened in Pennsylvania, marks another Union victory

Gettysburg Address (1863)

Lincoln's speech at a cemetary for Gettysburg soldiers where he frames the war as a means of upholding liberty

Fort Henry and Fort Donelson (1862)

battle in Tennessee where Union General Ulysses Grant demands the unconditional surrender of the Confederate army → this Union victory allowed them to also secure Kentucky

Shiloh

Grant hopes to build up on his victory from Fort Henry, and wins this battle at the Tennessee-Mississippi border despite a strong Confederate counter attack

Siege of Vicksburg (1862)

2 month long siege of a Confederate fort that housed vital supplies like cattle and munitions

Sherman's March (1864)

Union General William Sherman, who was in charge of seizing Georgia, employed a "total war" tactic as he burned down the area, destroying infrastructure and civilian property → diminished Southern morale and destroyed potential Confederate supplies

Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War

made up of radical Republicans who disliked the immense power given to the President but agitated Lincoln to advocate for emancipation

Copperheads

Northern Democrats who obstructed the war effort by criticizing Lincoln, the draft, and emancipation

Union Party

the Republican Party combined with the pro-war Democrats to run Abraham Lincoln as a candidate, with Andrew Johnson being his VP

At first, Lincoln's chances of re-election were slim

some accused him of being too ready to compromise, lacking force and generally losing the war

Wilderness Campaign (1864)

Grant launches a series of brutal and fatal attacks in VA, leading to public outcry against "Grant the Butcher."

Appomattox Courthouse (1865)

following the capture of Richmond, Lee's troops are forced to surrender hereofficial end to the Civil War, as Richmond is burned down

Reform Bill of 1867

Britain becomes an established political democracy, which shows how the domestic success of the liberty had international impacts