language contact outcome

language contact

it occure when speaker of two or more different languages ( or dialects ) interact , leading to the language influence one anothe

pidgin

simplified language that develop for communication between speakers form different language and usally for tardes , it has reduce grammar, limited vocabulary and has no native speakers initially. Nigerian Pidgin English is a classic example.

creole

creole is basically a stable, fully developed language that originally started from a mix of different languages. It often comes from a pidgin that becomes nativized—meaning that children grow up speaking it—and it develops its own grammar and vocabulary

decreolization

decreolization describe a process of which the creole languages gradually  lost basilectal or creole features and become more similar to the acrolect or standard language from which it is derived  often drive from social pressure,education economy

lingua franca

 lingua franca is a language systematically used for communication between speakers of different native languages, serving practical purposes rather than signaling identity. Historically, lingua francas have emerged in trade, administration, and colonial settings.

sabir

a pidgin-based lingua franca historically used in the Mediterranean from the 11th to the 19th centuries. It emerged as a practical solution for communication between speakers of diverse languages along the Mediterranean coasts, particularly in trade ports of Italy, Spain, France, North Africa, and the Ottoman territories. Its vocabulary was drawn from Italian, Spanish, , Catalan, Turkich, Arabic, and Berber, simplified to allow basic communication for commerce, negotiation, and maritime coordination.

the petite mouresque

The Petite Mouresque refers to the language or sociolect historically spoken by Moorish communities in North Africa, particularly in regions of Algeria and Morocco. It developed as a distinctive variety of Arabic, heavily influenced by Berber and, in some areas, Spanish or Andalusian Arabic due to historical migration and the remnants of Al-Andalus cultural influence

This language variety served both as a practical means of communication within the community and as a marker of identity, distinguishing the Moorish people from other ethnic and linguistic groups in the region. Petite Mouresque demonstrates how language functions as a repository of cultural memory, social norms, and historical experience