Intro to Corrections Chap 13 and 14

parens patriae

parent of the country

In loco parentis

in the place of parents

Warden

head administrator of a prison

Centralized Management Style

decision-making with a small group of people; tight control over communication

Decentralized Management Style

authority and decision-making are distributed across different levels of management

Proactive Management Style

preventing problems before they occur by ensuring access to information and reducing risk factors

Reactive Management Style

responding to problems only after they have occurred

Authoritarian Management Style

strict control over staff and inmates with communication that flows from a top-to-bottom process

Holding Pattern Management Style

the system operates without growth or blockage, maintaining a steady state

Human Resource Management Division

coordinates the BOP’s personnel matters

Emergency Management

prepares for an emergency, manages emergency while it happens, and monitors facility to anticipate problems

Special Operations Response teams

responds to serious prison crises that threaten facility security and public safety

Emotional Intelligence

ability to recognize and respond effectively to the emotions of others

YLS/CMI

Assesses and classifies juvenile offenders; adapted from the LSI and aligned with LSI-R theory and structure

Uniform Crime Report

nationwide program that collects and publishes official crime statistics in the US

Uniform Juvenile Court Act

Document providing guidance on how courts should process juveniles

The significance of Roman Civil law within the History of Juvenile Courts

Distinguished juveniles from adults based on age of responsibility, which is the age at which a person is considered legally accountable for their actions

First State to first establish juvenile corrections

Illinois

Main purpose of Juvenile courts

act in best interests of children through use of noncriminal proceedings

Case of Kent vs U.S.

16-year-old was sentenced to 30–90 years for serious crimes. The court upheld the sentence, showing that juveniles had fewer legal protections and less focus on treatment than adults

Case of Roper vs Simmons

U.S. Supreme Court banned the death penalty for anyone under 18

Case of In re Holmes

Juvenile courts are not criminal courts, so youth don’t get the same constitutional rights as adults

Case of Graham vs Florida

banned life-without-parole sentences for juveniles convicted of non-homicide offenses (violation of the 8th Amendment)

Case of Breed v Jones

Juveniles cannot be tried as adults for the same crime they were already judged for in juvenile court; violates Fifth Amendment’s double jeopardy clause

Case of Miller v Alabama

can still impose LWOP, but only after individualized consideration

Who Heads the NIC

director appointed by the U.S. Attorney General

Standard title to who heads a prison

warden

significance of the Hospital of St. Michael

treat and rehabilitate juvenile offenders

Psychological abuse

caregiver’s actions or lack of action to cause a child to develop serious behavioral, emotional, or mental problems

Physical abuse

physical action that causes or could cause injury to a child, often passed down through generations

Sexual abuse

sexual contact or attempted sexual contact between a child and an adult or caregiver

Neglect

caregiver fails to provide basic needs required by law