comm test 1

disruptive transition

disruptive transition

radical change in an industry brought about by the introduction of a new technology or product

acta diurna

written on a tablet, account of the deliberations of the roman senate; an early "newspaper"

corantos

one-page news sheets on specific events, printed in English but published in Holland and imported into England by British booksellers; an early "newspaper"

Diurnals

daily accounts of local news printed in 1620s England, forerunners of our daily newspaper

broadsides (broadsheets)

early colonial newspapers imported from England, single-sheet announcements or accounts of events; also called broadsheets

bill of rights

the first 10 amendments to the US constitution

First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Five Freedoms of the First Amendment

religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

Alien and Sedition acts

series of four laws passed by the 1798 US congress making illegal the writing, publishing, or printing of "any false scandalous and malicious writing" about the president, Congress, or the US government

penny press

newspapers in the 1830s selling for one penny

wire services

news-gathering organizations that provide content to members

yellow journalism

early 20th-century journalism emphasizing sensational sex, crime, and disaster news

newspaper chains

businesses that own two or more newspapers

pass-along readership

measurement of publication readers who neither subscribe nor buy single copies but who barrow a copy or read one in a doctor's office or library

zoned editions

suburban or regional versions of metropolitan newspapers

hyperlocal free weeklies

no-cost news and information outlets serving discrete locales within larger cities and towns

ethnic press

papers, often in a foreign language, aimed at minority, immigrant, and non-English readers

alternative press

typically weekly, free papers emphasizing events listings, local arts advertising, and "eccentric" personal classified ads

feature syndicates

clearinghouses for the work of columnists, cartoonists, and other creative individuals, providing their work to newspapers and other media outlets

sponsored content

content that matches the form and function of an editorial but is, in fact, paid for by an advertiser

newshole

the amount of space in a newspaper given to news

engagement reporting

calling on citizens to solicit tips, find sources, and identify under-reported stories

paywall

making online content available only to those visitors willing to pay

micropayments

small payments for individual stories provided by an aggregator

impressions

the number of times an online ad is seen

integrated audience reach

total numbers of the print edition of a newspaper plus unduplicated web readers

click bait

web content designed to attract ad impressions

soft news

sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism

hard news

news stories that help readers make intelligent decisions and keep up with important issues

agenda setting

the theory that media may not tell us what to do but tell us what to think about

e-replica edition

an online version of a newspaper that mimics its print version in look and format

linotype

technology that allowed the mechanical rather than manual setting of print type

offset lithography

late 19th-century advance making possible printing from photographic plates rather than metal casts

dime novels/pulp fiction

inexpensive late 19th and early 20th-century books that concentrated on frontier and adventure stories

bibliotherapy

using reading for therapeutic effect

social infrastructure

physical spaces that shape the way that people interact

censorship

when someone in authority limits publication or access to it

disintermediation

eliminating gatekeepers between artists and audiences

print on demand (POD)

publishing method whereby publishers store books digitally for instant printing, binding, and delivery once ordered

remainders

unsold copies of books returned to the publisher by bookstores to be sold at a great discount

e-reader

digital book having the appearance of a traditional book but with content that is digitally stored and accessed

platform agnostic publishing

digital and hard-copy books available for any and all reading devices

audiobook

the presentation, in sound, of a book's text, typically on tape, CD, or digital download

imprint

book publishing company

cottage industry

an industry characterized by small operations closely identified with their personnel

subsidiary rights

the sale of a book, its contents, even its characters to outside interests such as filmmakers

tie-in novels

books based on popular television shows and movies

shopfiction

the embedding of links into traditional and e-books taking readers directly to paid sponsors' websites

quick response (QR) code

small barcode with squares that appear on many media surfaces that direct mobile device users to a specific website