radical change in an industry brought about by the introduction of a new technology or product
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acta diurna
written on a tablet, account of the deliberations of the roman senate; an early "newspaper"
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corantos
one-page news sheets on specific events, printed in English but published in Holland and imported into England by British booksellers; an early "newspaper"
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Diurnals
daily accounts of local news printed in 1620s England, forerunners of our daily newspaper
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broadsides (broadsheets)
early colonial newspapers imported from England, single-sheet announcements or accounts of events; also called broadsheets
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bill of rights
the first 10 amendments to the US constitution
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First Amendment
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
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Five Freedoms of the First Amendment
religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
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Alien and Sedition acts
series of four laws passed by the 1798 US congress making illegal the writing, publishing, or printing of "any false scandalous and malicious writing" about the president, Congress, or the US government
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penny press
newspapers in the 1830s selling for one penny
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wire services
news-gathering organizations that provide content to members
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yellow journalism
early 20th-century journalism emphasizing sensational sex, crime, and disaster news
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newspaper chains
businesses that own two or more newspapers
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pass-along readership
measurement of publication readers who neither subscribe nor buy single copies but who barrow a copy or read one in a doctor's office or library
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zoned editions
suburban or regional versions of metropolitan newspapers
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hyperlocal free weeklies
no-cost news and information outlets serving discrete locales within larger cities and towns
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ethnic press
papers, often in a foreign language, aimed at minority, immigrant, and non-English readers
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alternative press
typically weekly, free papers emphasizing events listings, local arts advertising, and "eccentric" personal classified ads
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feature syndicates
clearinghouses for the work of columnists, cartoonists, and other creative individuals, providing their work to newspapers and other media outlets
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sponsored content
content that matches the form and function of an editorial but is, in fact, paid for by an advertiser
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newshole
the amount of space in a newspaper given to news
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engagement reporting
calling on citizens to solicit tips, find sources, and identify under-reported stories
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paywall
making online content available only to those visitors willing to pay
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micropayments
small payments for individual stories provided by an aggregator
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impressions
the number of times an online ad is seen
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integrated audience reach
total numbers of the print edition of a newspaper plus unduplicated web readers
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click bait
web content designed to attract ad impressions
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soft news
sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism
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hard news
news stories that help readers make intelligent decisions and keep up with important issues
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agenda setting
the theory that media may not tell us what to do but tell us what to think about
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e-replica edition
an online version of a newspaper that mimics its print version in look and format
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linotype
technology that allowed the mechanical rather than manual setting of print type
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offset lithography
late 19th-century advance making possible printing from photographic plates rather than metal casts
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dime novels/pulp fiction
inexpensive late 19th and early 20th-century books that concentrated on frontier and adventure stories
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bibliotherapy
using reading for therapeutic effect
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social infrastructure
physical spaces that shape the way that people interact
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censorship
when someone in authority limits publication or access to it
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disintermediation
eliminating gatekeepers between artists and audiences
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print on demand (POD)
publishing method whereby publishers store books digitally for instant printing, binding, and delivery once ordered
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remainders
unsold copies of books returned to the publisher by bookstores to be sold at a great discount
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e-reader
digital book having the appearance of a traditional book but with content that is digitally stored and accessed
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platform agnostic publishing
digital and hard-copy books available for any and all reading devices
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audiobook
the presentation, in sound, of a book's text, typically on tape, CD, or digital download
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imprint
book publishing company
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cottage industry
an industry characterized by small operations closely identified with their personnel
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subsidiary rights
the sale of a book, its contents, even its characters to outside interests such as filmmakers
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tie-in novels
books based on popular television shows and movies
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shopfiction
the embedding of links into traditional and e-books taking readers directly to paid sponsors' websites
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quick response (QR) code
small barcode with squares that appear on many media surfaces that direct mobile device users to a specific website
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