Boerjes - 1920s Highs and Lows.ppt

The 1920s were dominated by who?

Republicans in the White House & in both houses of Congress

What did Republicans do in 1920s

Limited Progressive reforms

Developed a close relationship between the gov’t & business that promoted private enterprise

Advocated a foreign policy based on economic investment of U.S. business in the world

The Teapot Dome Scandal

The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery case during the administration of President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923, where federal oil reserves in Wyoming and California were leased to private companies. It exposed corruption and caused public distrust in the government.

What president was involved in the Teapot Dome scandal(1921 - 1923)?

Warren Harding

Warren Harding

29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. Known as the “do nothing“ president. Quoted saying “Four-fifths of our troubles in this life would disappear if we would just sit down & be still“

Deregulated business, lowered taxes, raised tariffs, restricted immigration and made America isolationist again and promoted a return to normalcy after World War I.

Calvin Coolidge

30th President of the United States, serving from 1923 to 1929. Known for his quiet demeanor and pro-business policies, he advocated for limited government intervention in the economy and famously stated, "The business of America is business." - Primary focus of the United States should be on economic activity and commerce, with minimal government intervention. He believed that a strong business environment would benefit the country as a whole. 

Herbert Hoover

31st President of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. He presided over the onset of the Great Depression and was criticized for his handling of the economic crisis, advocating for volunteerism and limited government intervention. Lost to FDR in 1932

The Great Depression

A severe worldwide economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted throughout the 1930s, characterized by high unemployment, widespread poverty, and a significant decline in industrial production and trade.

Urban culture & industrial production

The development of cities and industries in the early 20th century, marked by technological advancements, increased migration, and the rise of consumerism, which significantly shaped American society during the 1920s.

The USA during the 1920s aka the “'Roaring Twenties“

The USA was the richest & most developed country in the world

Wages rose, hours declined, & Americans had access to new, innovative consumer goods

What stayed the same about women’s job opportunities a WW1

Female workers after WW I were limited to teachers, nurses, & other low-paying jobs

The 19th Amendment

Ratified on August 18, 1920, granted women the right to vote, But few voted

The Second Industrial Revolution

A period of rapid industrial development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked by advances in steel production, electricity, and communication technologies. It significantly transformed economies and societies, particularly in Europe and North America.

To stop the growth of labor unions companies used?

Welfare capitalism - system in which companies provide various welfare benefits to their employees in an effort to discourage unionization and promote a cooperative relationship between workers and management. Benefits may include healthcare, retirement plans, and other forms of employee support

What were the flaws of the Roaring Twenties?

• Union membership dropped because of better conditions and ties to Debs' "radical socialism."

• Northern migration of blacks increased, but they mainly got low-paying jobs and faced racism.

• Income growth was uneven, with middle-class managers, bankers, and engineers benefiting the most. The over-speculation (when people invest too much money in something, hoping its value will keep going up, even though they don’t have solid reasons for it.) in the stock market leading to the 1929 crash

The Great Migration

The Great Migration was when about 6 million African Americans moved from the rural South to cities in the North, Midwest, and West between 1916 and 1970. They left to find better jobs, escape racism, and improve their living conditions. Cities like Chicago, Detroit, New York, and Philadelphia were popular destinations, where they worked in factories and helped change the culture and makeup of these cities.

The Harlem Renaissance

The Harlem Renaissance was a cultural movement in the 1920s, centered in Harlem, New York City.

African American writers, musicians, artists, and thinkers expressed their culture through art, music, poetry, and literature.

The movement promoted racial pride and fought against racial stereotypes. Also helped change how African Americans were viewed in society

Figures of the Harlem Renaissance

Famous figures like:

Langston Hughes (poet, novelist, etc.)

Zora Neale Hurston (writer, anthropologist, etc.)

Duke Ellington (composer, pianist, etc.)

Louis Armstrong ( trumpeter and vocalist) emerged during this time