Skeletal System

Periosteum

Periosteum

Tough fibrous connective tissue that covers bone.

Epiphysis

Each end of a bone

Diaphysis

The region between or running through the two ends of a bone.

Yellow bone marrow

Stored in the medullary cavity

Red bone marrow

Stored in the skull, end of long bones and flat bones

Compact bone

Dense, hard tissue normally found in the medullary cavity of long bones and outer layer of other bones.

Spongy bone

Arranged in plates and bars that are irregular in shape.

Ossification

Formation of the bone (Genesis)

Osteoprogenitor

Non-special cells found in the periosteum and central canal.

Osteoblasts

Cells that form bones.

Osteocytes

A cell that lies within the substance of fully formed bone.

Osteoclasts

Cells that degrade bone to initiate normal bone remodelling.

Cartilage

Connectivee tissues that can withstand a fair amount of flexing, tension, and pressure. Ex. ears, nose, breast bone.

Ligaments

Bone to bone

Tendon

Bone to muscle

Fibrous joints (Fibre)

Held together by short connective tissue strands. They are either slightly movable or immovable.

Cartilaginous joints

Held together by cartilage.

Synovial Joints

Joined by a joint cavity lined with a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid.

Axial

(composed of 80 bones);bony thorax, basically upper body

Appendicular

Composed of 126 bones(arms and legs) hips and shoulder gridles

Myosin

Thicker

Actin

Thinner

Sutures

Fibrous connective tissue joints that hold the bony plates of the skull together.

Hairline fractures

Small cracks in the bone

Simple fractures

Clean breaks that don't pierce the skin

Spiral fractures

Bone twists

Grrenstick fractures

Incomplete breaks

Compound or open fracture

Bonnet is pushed through the skin

Primary mover (Agonist),

Main muscle for a movement

Antagonist

Opposes the primary mover

Synergistic muscles

Assist the primary mover

Point of origin

Fixed muscles attachment

Point of insertion

Movable muscle attachment

Rotation

Circular movements around an axis, e.g when you turn your head

Abduction

Moving away from the midline of the body

Adduction

When you produce a movement that mives towards the midline of the body

Extension

Increasing the angle between two bones connected at a joint Ex. when you kick a ball

Flexion

Decreasing the angle between two bones. Ex. when you bend your legs to sit down.