AP psych college board 5.2

The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by what evidence?

That the IQ correlation for identical twins is greater than for fraternal twins. (Heritability, nature > nurture)

Which scenario best depicts insight learning?

A person suddenly realizes how to solve a problem (like putting groceries in a cabinet after repeated failures of putting in pantry).

Michaela opposes video games and only looks up information about dangers of video games to support her speech. This is an example of what bias?

Confirmation bias.

Scores on the Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) predict later performance in a psychology course. What type of validity is this?

Predictive validity.

The concept of “g” is most accurately defined as what?

A single underlying intellectual capacity measured by intelligence tests (general intelligence).

What is the IQ of a 10-year-old with a mental age of 8.5?

85. (IQ = mental age ÷ chronological age × 100)

Research on stereotype threat shows students might not do as well if what happens?

If they are told their group usually performs poorly on the test.

If students get approximately the same score on two administrations of a test, what does this demonstrate?

Reliability.

Why might intelligence testing be inappropriate for hiring?

Because intelligence tests can be subject to bias.

What does the Flynn effect refer to?

The rise in average IQ scores over time.

A university develops an assessment to predict student success. If scores correlate with success, the test shows what?

Predictive validity.

On individual intelligence tests, what does an IQ score of 100 indicate?

The test taker scored at the average level for their age group.

What is always true of standardized tests?

They are administered and scored in a consistent manner.

A test designed to measure what someone already knows about a subject is what type of test?

An achievement test.

Identify the research method used in the multivitamin study.

Experiment.

State the operational definition of executive functioning in the study.

The scores on the executive functioning tasks (tests).

What does the difference in means between groups indicate?

The multivitamin group recalled more words than the placebo group.

Identify one ethical guideline applied by researchers.

Informed consent.

Discuss generalizability of the study.

The study is generalizable to older adults (since only participants aged 60+ were used), but not necessarily to younger populations.

Explain how at least one research finding supports or refutes the researchers’ hypothesis.

The study supports the hypothesis because older adults taking multivitamins showed improved episodic memory recall compared to the placebo group.