TOPIC 2: FATS - lipoproteins + derived lipids

what are lipoproteins

particles composed of lipids and proteins that transport cholesterol, triglycerides and other fats in the blood

what is low density lipoprotein (LDL)?

derived from very low density lipoprotein

what is LDL composed of?

composed primarily of cholesterol

health impact of LDL

LDL transport cholesterol from liver to cells

as LDL level increase cholesterol deposition increases on artery walls results in atherosclerosis

what is high density lipoprotein (HDL)?

highest density smallest particle size

what is the difference between LDL and HDL ?

in contrast to LDL, the liver makes HDL to pick up cholesterol from other tissues to be transported back to the liver for breakdown and excretion

health impact of HDL

HDL transport cholesterol from the cells to the liver for breakdown and excretion

increase HDL levels decreases cholesterol deposition on artery walls

what are the similarities in LDL and HDL

both involved in lipid transport

both are synthesized by the liver

what are the 3 derived lipids?

sterols steroid hormones lipid related compounds

what is an example of a sterol?

cholesterol

what is cholesterol?

major sterols in animals not found in plants

structural component of cell membrane

what are the types of cholesterol

endogenous exogenous

what is endogenous cholesterol?

70 - 80%

liver can use fragments from CHO proteins or fats to make cholesterol

what is exogenous cholesterol?

sources are animal food

what are steroid hormones?

cholesterol is converted into steroid hormones

what are examples of steroid hormones?

cortisol and aldosterone

estrogen and progesterone