Cell Biology - BIOL:2723

This flashcard set covers key vocabulary and concepts from the Cell Biology lecture notes, focusing on cellular components, transport mechanisms, and responses to protein misfolding.

KDEL retention signals

A signal sequence that binds to KDEL receptors for the retrieval of ER-resident proteins from the Golgi back to the ER.

M6P signal

A marker added to lysosomal hydrolases in the cis-Golgi that directs them to endosomes by binding to a specific receptor.

Start-transfer signal

A hydrophobic signal peptide that initiates membrane protein insertion by acting as a signal during translation.

Stop-transfer signal

A signal within a transmembrane domain that halts the translocation of a protein across the membrane.

Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)

A cellular response to excessive misfolded proteins in the ER, leading to reduced protein translation and potential apoptosis.

Nuclear import

The process that relies on Ran-GTP binding to enable the release of cargo from import receptors within the nucleus.

Nuclear export

The process driven by Ran-GTP binding, allowing outbound cargo attached to export receptors to be released into the cytosol.

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

A series of protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons, ultimately producing ATP.

Cardiolipin

A unique phospholipid that provides an optimal environment for the Electron Transport Chain components.

pH differences in KDEL systems

High-affinity binding of KDEL proteins in the Golgi occurs at lower pH compared to the lower-affinity binding in the ER.