BIO EVOLUTON

Radiometric Dating

Method that is used to identify specific age of fossils by comparing the radioactive isotope and new isotope of the rock.

Biogenesis

Living organisms that are produced through living organisms only

Eubacteria

Most common bacteria in the world

Endosymbiont theory

Theory that believes eukaryotes are in a symbiotic relationship with ancient prokaryotes

Convergent Evolution

Different organisms that have analogous structures become the same species if they live in the same habitat

Gradualism

Small changes of species over time

Disruptive selection

Favors both extremes

Geographic isolation

Isolation due to geographic features

stabilizing selection

Favors the average trait/individual

Speciation

Evolution of new species overtime

Emigration

Moving out of a place to settle in a new place

Polyploidy

Incorrect number of chromosomes

Natural Selection

Organisms with the best trait can get the resources they need to survive; Survival of the fittest.

Mimicry

Copying someone or something to defend against predators.

Analogous structures

Structures that have the same function, but not similar structures.

Spontaneous generation

Theory that believes non-living things produce living things

Protocell

Carries out life activities like growth and division.

Archaebacteria

Bacteria that can survive in harsh conditions/environments

divergent evoltion

Evolution of organisms with homologous structures, but have different function, and they are all from a single common ancestor.

adaptive radiation

Evolution of different type of organisms from a single common ancestor

Punctuated equilibrium

Large changes in organisms that happen rapidly

directional selection

Favors one of the extremes

Speciation

Evolution of new species overtime

Genetic drift

Changes in the gene pool due to no gene flow

Immigration

Moving into an area to settle

Gene flow

Moving of organisms from place to place ; new organisms come, old organisms go out; Immigration and Emmigraton

Allelic frequency

Frequency of alleles in a population, shown as fractions or percentages.

Camouflage

To blend with nature to hide from predators.

Homologous structures

Structures that are the same but serve for different function

Vestigial structures

Structures that are in an organism but have no function/use.

Describe Earth’s early atmosphere

Earth’s early atmosphere was hot and had volcanoes that produced gas to form an early atmosphere. Soon it started to cool down and oceans formed, from which life was formed.

What scientific contribution was made by Redi?

Redi disproved spontaneous generation by comparing the jars full with meat , and only air can come, with the jars full with meat that both flies and air can come. He saw that there were no organisms in the jar that did not allow any flies, so that proved the point. There were flies in the jar full of meat and flies and air can enter.

What scientific contribution was made by Pasteur?

Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation by seeing if there will be any microorganisms that will form if only air is allowed to access the nutrients.

What contribution did Miller and Urey make to science?

Miller and Urey provide evidence for Oparin’s theory by mixing water vapor, ammonia, electric current, and hydrogen gas to see if any organic molecules form. After 1 week organic molecules like amino acids and sugar were formed.

Describe Oparin’s theory.

Early earth contained nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, methane and water vapor; All life began from the oceans ; Energy from Sun, lightning and Earth’s heat triggered chemical reactions that formed organic molecules that were washed away in the oceans to form a “Primordial Soup”

In what 2 ways did the evolution of photosynthetic organisms affect evolution?

Photosynthetic organisms provided oxygen from which aerobic organisms started to take birth, and the oxygen in the atmosphere formed an ozone layer that protected the earth from the harmful radiation of the Sun.

Summarize Darwin’s theory of natural selection.

Organisms with the best traits will be able to get the resources in order to survive, and the ones who survive will reproduce more and more, and become the dominant species