Chemistry moles stuff

aqueous solution

solution for which water is the solvent

Avogadro’s number (NA)

experimentally determined value of the number of entities comprising 1 mole of substance, equal to 6.022 × 10²³ mol

Concentrated

qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively high concentration

Concentration

quantitative measure of the relative amounts of solute and solvent present in a solution

Diluted

qualitative term for a solution containing solute at a relatively low concentration

Dilution

process of adding solvent to a solution in order to lower the concentration of solutes

Dissolved

describes the process by which solute components are dispersed in a solvent

empirical formula mass

sum of average atomic masses for all atoms represented in an empirical formula

formula mass

sum of the average masses for all atoms represented in a chemical formula; for covalent compounds, this is also the molecular mass

mass percentage

ratio of solute-to-solution mass expressed as a percentage

mass-volume percent

ratio of solute mass to solution volume, expressed as a percentage

molar mass

mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance

molarity (M)

unit of concentration, defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

mole

amount of substance containing the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or other entities as the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams (6.022e23)

parts per billion (ppb)

ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10⁹

parts per million (ppm)

ratio of solute-to-solution mass multiplied by 10⁶

percent composition

percentage by mass of the various elements in a compound

saturated

when a solvent has dissolved all the solute it can at a particular temperature

solute

solution component present in a concentration less than that of the solvent

solvent

solution component present in a concentration that is higher relative to other components

volume percentage

ratio of solute-to-solution volume expressed as a percentage