APUSH Terms- Period 4

Madison v. Marbury

William Marbury sued Madison for not delivering his commission as judge.

Andrew Jackson

The 7th U.S. President known for his victory in the Battle of Orleans, fought for “common man” rights

Jacksonian Democrats

A political movement led by Andrew Jackson that championed the rights of the common man, increased voter participation, and opposing elite political power.

Whigs

The Political Party against Andrew Jackson and his policies, advocating for a strong federal government and modernization.

Henry Clay

American statesmen know for shaping policies

Second National Bank

Regulated currency and managed government funds

Internal Improvements

Infrastructure projects to enhance transportation and communication

Tariff of Abominations

Imposed high taxes against Northern goods

Market Revolution

Northern to Southern farming by transportation and communication

Second Great Awakening

Religious revival movement that swept across U.S.

Utopian Movements

A movement that emphasized emotion, glorification of the past

Romanticism

Social and political efforts aimed to create ideal communities

Perfectionism

Emerged from context of 2nd awakening, people cannot be perfect

Temperance

Social movement aimed to reduce the use of alcohol

Gradual Emancipation

The process where Northern states passed laws to end slavery over time. (NOT ALL AT ONCE)

Secna Falls Convention

The first womens rights convention held in Secna Falls, New York 1848

John Marshall

American statesman, jurist, and Founding Father who served as the fourth chief justice of the United States

William Lloyd Garrison

Social reform known for campaigning against slavery

Frederick Douglass

Former slave who became a leading abolitionist

Henry David Thoreau

Philosopher known for writing nature individualism

Joseph Smith

Founder of Mormonism and wrote the Book of Mormon

Interchangeable parts

Components of something that can be replaced

Separate Spheres

Ideology that men worked and women stayed home

American System

Aimed at promoting national economic development (tariffs)

Cotton Gin

A mechanical device that made production of cotton faster. It would separate the cotton seeds from the cotton itself.

Lowell Girls

Women who worked in textile mills

Erie Canal

A water way used for trade and transportation

Louisiana Purchase

A land deal in 1803 where the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River from France, doubling the size of the country.

Monroe Doctrine 

U.S. policy statements to ensure no European influence

Missouri Compromise

An agreement admitted Missouri as a slave state

Indian Removal Act

Allowed government to relocate the Natives