Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
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38 Terms
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Autosomes
________: 22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex.
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genetic material
Crossing Over: exchange ________, resulting in recombinant chromosomes.
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Sporophyte
________ (2n): makes haploid spores by meiosis.
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Zygote
________ divides by mitosis to make multicellular diploid organism.
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Meiosis
________: cell division that reduces of chromosomes (2n → n), creates gametes.
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Synapsis
________: homologous chromosomes pair up.
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Interphase
________: chromosomes replicated.
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Metaphase
________ I: pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on ________ plate.
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Fertilization
________: combine gametes (sperm + egg)
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homologous pairs
Anaphase I: ________ separate → sister chromatids still attached at centromere.
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Gametophyte
________ (n): makes haploid gametes by mitosis.
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Life cycle
________: reproductive history of organism, from conception → production of own offspring.
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Little variation in population
only through mutations
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2 parents
male/female
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Somatic (body) cell
2n = 46 chromosomes
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Autosomes
22 pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex
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Sex chromosomes
X and Y
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Females
XX
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Males
XY
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Gametes (n=23)
22 autosomes + 1 sex chromosome
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Egg
22 + X
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Sperm
22 + X **or** 22 + Y
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Life cycle
reproductive history of organism, from conception → production of own offspring
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Meiosis
cell division that reduces of chromosomes (2n → n), creates gametes
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Fertilization
combine gametes (sperm + egg)
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Sporophyte (2n)
makes haploid spores by meiosis
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Gametophyte (n)
makes haploid gametes by mitosis
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Interphase
chromosomes replicated
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Synapsis
homologous chromosomes pair up
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Tetrad
4 sister chromatids
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Metaphase I
Tetrads line up
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Some species
chromatin & nucleus reforms
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Prophase I
Synapsis and crossing over
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Metaphase I
pairs of homologous chromosomes line up on metaphase plate
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Anaphase I
homologous pairs separate → sister chromatids still attached at centromere
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Crossing Over
exchange genetic material, resulting in recombinant chromosomes
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Independent Assortment of Chromosomes
random orientation of homologous pairs in Metaphase I
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Random Fertilization
Any sperm + Any egg
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