#9.4 Sleep Disorders

dyssomnia

SLEEP DISORDERS <

sleep disorders that involve difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep

insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA < 3,

parasomnia

SLEEP DISORDERS <

sleep disorders that involve the intrusion of unusual behaviors into sleep

periodic limb movement disorder / REM behavior disorder / night terrors / bed wetting / sleep walking

PARASOMNIA < 5/

insomnia

DYSSOMNIA:

Most common type of sleep disorder

insomnia

DYSSOMNIA:

Inability to sleep a normal amount of time

onset insomnia

INSOMNIA < types:

person is unable to sleep

maintenance insomnia

INSOMNIA < types:

sleep is frequently interrupted or early waking up occurs

insomnia

DYSSOMNIA:

caused by noise, uncomfort, temperature, stress, pain, diet, and medication

insomnia

DYSSOMNIA:

could result in epilepsy, parkinson's disease, brain tumor, depression, anxiety, or other neurological/psychiatric conditions

insomnia

DYSSOMNIA:

could be treated with Benzodiazepines and other sedatives

narcolepsy

DYSSOMNIA:

Condition characterized by frequent periods of sleepiness during the day

narcolepsy

DYSSOMNIA:

sleepiness in the day usually lasts 10-20 mins or until 1 hr

narcolepsy

DYSSOMNIA:

symptoms are attacks of sleepiness in the day, occasional cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations

narcolepsy

DYSSOMNIA:

brain cannot maintain wakefulness and is prone to sudden, involuntary shifts into REM sleep

narcolepsy

DYSSOMNIA:

primarily caused by cells that are produced when there is orexin loss

hypnagogic state

brief vivid dreamlike images

hypnagogic hallucinations

dreamlike experiences that the person has trouble distinguishing from reality

occurring at the onset of sleep

cataplexy

attack of muscle weakness while the person remains awake

sleep paralysis

an event that often occurs during REM where parts of the brain that weren't used becomes highly awakened while movement is not awake yet

sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA:

snore during sleep, awaken with coughs

sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA:

Impaired ability to breathe while sleeping

sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA:

obese individuals that snore may indicate that airway obstructions may be the root of the problem

sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA:

caused by genetics, hormones, obesity, & old age

old age

may cause sleep apnea due to the deterioration of the brain mechanism that regulates breathing

sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA:

could result in stroke, heart problems, or other cognitive disorders e.g. learning, reasoning and attention deficiencies, impulse control

sleep apnea

DYSSOMNIA:

could be treated with weight loss, avoiding alcohol & tranquilizers, CPAP Surgery (continuous positive airway pressure)

periodic limb movement disorder

PARASOMNIA:

Characterized by repeatedly involuntary movement of legs and sometimes the arms during sleep

REM behavior disorder

PARASOMNIA:

Moving around vigorously during their REM periods

REM behavior disorder

PARASOMNIA:

Acting out dreams - punching, kicking, leaping out

night terrors

PARASOMNIA:

Frightening, dream-like experiences that occur during the deepest stage of NREM sleep

night terrors

PARASOMNIA:

Experiences of intense anxiety from which a person awakens screaming in terror

night terrors

PARASOMNIA:

May never fully awake and will return to sleep with vague memory of heaviness on chest

bedwetting

PARASOMNIA:

reflects the immaturity of the nervous system, so it would often be resolved before adolescence (when it is much more mature)

bedwetting

PARASOMNIA:

becomes a problem when it's still not resolved during or after adolescence

sleepwalking

somnambulism AKA

somnambulism

PARASOMNIA:

More common in people when they’re sleep deprived or under unusual stress

somnambulism

PARASOMNIA:

Runs in families (genetic)

somnambulism

PARASOMNIA:

occurs because some parts of the brain are awake while others are asleep

somnambulism

PARASOMNIA:

actions done are poorly planned and usually not remembered due to the prefrontal cortex being asleep