DRRR | Hazards and Disasters

Hazard

a potentially damaging event or thing that may lead to the loss of life, injury, property damage, social and economic disruption, etc.

Types of Hazarda

• Natural

• Human-induced

Natural Hazards

• geological

• hydrometeorologicial

• biological

Geologic Hazards

• Earthquakes

• Volcanoes

Earthquakes

• ground shaking

• ground-rupture

• liquefaction

• earthquake induced ground subsidence

• landslides

• tsunamis

Volcanoes

• lahar

• ashfall

• pyroclastic flow

• ballistic flow

• gases

• lava flow

Hydrometeorological Hazards

• tropical cyclones

• thunderstorm

• flash floods

• river and coastal flooding

• storm surge

• el niño

• la niña

Biological Hazard

a biological substances that pose a threat to health like medical waste, microorganisms, viruses, toxins

Human-induced Hazards

• Arson/Fire

• Industrial and Technological Accidents

• Chemical

• Terrorism

• Wars

• Pollution

Disaster

synonymous with “risk”, a sudden calamitous event bringing great damage, loss, or destruction with unexpected timing

Elements of Disaster

• suddenness

• unexpectedness

• significant/adverse destruction

• lack of foresight/planning

Natural Disasters

this does not exist, but disasters usually follow natural hazards

Disaster Risk

the likelihood of the loss of life, injury, and destruction from a disaster in a period of time

Conditions for an event to be a disaster

• loss of life/injuries

• loss of property

Effects of Disaster

• displaced populations

• food scarcity

• emotional aftershocks

Displaced Populations After Disasters

due to the dangers of these disasters, people may be forced to seek shelter in other places or regions

Food Scarcity After Disasters

due to the damage done to the soil quality and environment, food might not be as accessible

Emotional Aftershocks After Disasters

due to the suddenness of the disaster, trauma for young children and PTSD may occur

Impacts of Disaster

• medical effects

• damage to critical facilities

• economic impact

• global environmental change

• social and political impact

Medical Effects of Disasters

injuries, emotional stress, epidemic diseases

Disruption of Transportation After Disaster

restricted vehicle mobility and impassable area

Economic Impact After Disaster

disrupted normal business operations and leaving of jobs to allow time for rehabilitation

Global Environmental Change After Disasters

evidence supports that human activity and disasters worsens global climate change

Social and Political Impact After Disasters

poor and developing countries are most affected by disasters

Levels of Disasters

1. Individual

2. Community (Local, National, Global)

Disaster Risk Reduction

• the systematic process of analyzing and reducing risk linked to natural and human-induced disasters

• mitigation measures are designed too minimize disaster-related losses

• tells us that the levels of mitigation capabilities and preparedness are related to level of its resources

• prevent or minimize the impact of disasters n lives, infrastructure, and the environment

• involves understanding the causes of disasters

Key Principles of DRR

1. Risk Assessment

2. Prevention and Mitigation

3. Preparedness

4. Resilience

Risk Assessment in DRR

DRR begins with a thorough assessments of risks, including hazards, vulnerabilities, and exposure.

Prevention and Mitigation in DRR

DRR focuses on preventing or mitigating the root causes of disasters

Preparedness in DRR

DRR emphasizes the importance of preparedness to respond effectively to disasters

Resilience in DRR

DRR aims to build this in communities and ecosystems as it enables entities to absorb shocks, adapt to changes, and recover quickly from disasters.

Participation and Collaboration in DRR

DRR recognizes the imporance of inolving all stakeholders in risk reduction effors

Integrated Approach

DRR promotes an integrated approach that considers social, economic, environmental, and institutional aspects of risk.

Sustainable Development

DRR integrates risk

Importance of DRR

• saving lives

• minimizing losses

• protecting infrastructure and assets

• ensuring sustainable development

• enhancing resilience

DRR before Disaster Risk

• building code revision and implementation

• hazard and vulnerability analysis

• zoning and land use management

• public awareness and education

• early warning system with forecasting and warning dissemination