chemistry unit 2

Molecule

the smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; an aggregation of atoms, specifically a chemical of two or more atoms which form a specific chemical substance.

Compound

a substance consisting of two or more atoms combined chemically in definite proportion by mass.

Organic chemistry

branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds.

Organic compounds

any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon.

Inorganic chemistry

branch of chemistry that studies the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon containing compounds

Nonpolar compounds

compounds that do not have slightly negative and positive charges within the compound. The electronegativity differences of nonpolar compounds are between 0 and .2.

Ionic bonding

the bond that results when a metal and a nonmetal combine in a chemical reaction. In an ionic bond, the metal transfers one or more electrons to the nonmetal.

Polar compounds

covalent compounds that have one or more bonds with electrons that are unequally shared.

Covalent bonding

a chemical bond in which a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms (usually nonmetals).

Electronegativity

the ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond. (Elements farther to the right and closer to the top of the periodic table have the greatest electronegativity.)

Desiccant

chemicals that decrease the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture.

Humectant

chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture.

Anion

a negatively charged species.

Cation

Positively charged ion.

Na₂[B₄O₅(OH)₄].8H₂O

Borax

KAI(SO₄)₂.12H₂O

Alum

alkane

R-H

alkene

C=C

alkyne

C=C

haloalkane

R-X

x being a halogen