Honors physics semester 1 exam review

displacement

the change in position of an object

acceleration

the rate at which velocity changes over time;

an object accelerates if it speed, direction, or both change

kinetic energy

the energy of an object that is due to the object's motion

vector

a physical quantity that has both magnitude and a direction

scalar

a physical quantity that has magnitude but no direction

projectile motion

the curved path that an object follows when thrown, launched, or otherwise projected near the surface of Earth

weight

a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe

contact force

result from the physical interaction between objects

>applied force

>friction force

>tension force

>normal force

field force

doesn't have to be physical interaction

>gravitational force

>magnetic force

>electric force

Newton's 1st law of motion

an object in motion will stay in motion and an object at test will stay at rest unless acted on by a net external force

Newton's 2nd law of motion

the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object's mass

Newton's 3rd law of motion

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

normal force

a force that acts on a surface in a direction perpendicular to the surface

gravitational force

the mutual force of attraction between particles of matter

equilibrium

the state in which the net force on an object is zero

work

the product of the component of a force along the direction of displacement and the magnitude of the displacement

work-kinetic energy theorem

the net work done by all the forces acting on an object is equal to the change in the object's kinetic energy

potential energy

the energy associated with an object because of the position, shape, or condition of the object

mechanical energy

the sum of kinetic energy and all forms of potential energy

power

a quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed

momentum

a quantity defined as the product of the mass and velocity of an object

impulse

the product of the force and the time over which the force acts on an object

impulse-momentum theorum

Ft=p

stopping times and distances

they two depended on the impulse-momentum theorum

conservation of momentum

momentum is conserved in collisions

momentum is conserved for objects pushing away from each other

perfectly inelastic collision

a collision in which two objects stick together after colliding

perfectly inelastic collisions can be analyzed in terms of momentum

KE is not conserved in inelastic collisions

elastic collision

the two objects bounce after the collision so that they move separately

KE is conserved in elastic collisions

inelastic collsion

the two objects deform during the collision

KE decreases

the objects move separately after the collision