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state governments
government that controls a subdivision of a country in a federal form of government
Americas population
319 Millon
the 4 main Differences Among the States
The size of the state
The history of the state
The people who live in the state
The economy of the state
what is the smallest state
Rhode Island
when did Texas become a state
1845
what is Texas tea
petroleum
what dose bicameral mean
a legislative branch with two houses which normally consist of a Senate and House of Representatives
which state doesn’t have bicameral
Nebraska
what is the executive branch
the branch of government charged with the execution and enforcement of laws and policies and the administration of public affairs, the executive.
standing committee
A committee permanently established by the House or Senate
Decorum
Orderliness, polite behavior, and good taste in conduct
Task Force
A committee that investigates and recommends legislation on a specific issue, such as education
Precedent
An act or decision that serves as an example or model in the future
Breach
The breaking or violation of an obligation
Autonomy
The state of being self-governing
Bureaucracies
Organizations designed to handle complex tasks efficiently
Hot-Button issue
an issue that people generally feel strongly about on one side or the other
Census
An official counting of a population
Judicial Branch
The branch of government made up of courts
Apportionment
The number of representatives each state is allowed in Congress, based on population
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
An agency whose mission is to support the president and the National Security Council
Courts of Limited Jurisdiction
Includes small-claims, traffic, family, and juvenile courts
Bureaucracy
Way of organizing work efficiently by assigning specialized tasks
Roe v. Wade (1973)
The Supreme Court decision that gave women the legal right to seek an abortion
Supreme Court
The court of last appeal
E Pluribus Unum
“Out of many, one”
District Courts
Federal trial courts
Department of Interior
Protects natural resources and administer federal lands
Department of Labor
Deals with unemployment, minimum wage, and job discrimination
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
The Supreme Court decision that requires criminal suspects to be informed of their constitutional rights when they’re arrested
US Supreme Court
The highest court of the land
Levy
To impose taxes
Tariff
A tax on goods that one nation (or state) buys from another nation (or state)
Interstate Trade
Trade from one state to another
Export
A product taken from one country to another for the purpose of trade
Delegate
A person who represents others at a meeting
Ratification
The process of approving something by a vote
Legislative Branch
The part of a government that makes the laws of the country or state
Quorum
The number of members that must be present to conduct business
Impeachment
The process by which a government leader is charged with a crime
Capital Crime
A crime that’s punishable by death
Repeal
To end or remove a law
Great Seal of the Republic
Used to authenticate certain documents issued by the US federal government
Three Main Sections of the Constitution
Preamble, articles, and amendments
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments to the Constitution
Judicial Review
The power to interpret the Constitution
Article IV of the Constitution
Relations between the states
The First Amendment
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition
Fourth Amendment
Protection from illegal search
Second Amendment
Right to bear arms
Sixth Amendment
Right to due process
Tenth Amendment
Powers not given to the federal government are reserved to the states
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery
Nineteenth Amendment
Women's right to vote
Twenty-Sixth Amendment
Lowered voting age to 18
Checks and Balances
Controls given to one branch of government to limit the power of another branch
Popular Sovereignty
Rule by the people
Marbury v. Madison
Established the right of the Supreme Court to overturn laws deemed unconstitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson
The Supreme Court declared the "separate but equal" doctrine
Brown v. Education
Made school segregation illegal
Three-Fourths of the State Legislatures
What an amendment to the Constitution can be ratified by
Strong Central Government
Proposed by John Dickinson; giving power to levy taxes and control the western lands, with all states equally represented in the government
George Washington
First commander of Continental Army
French and Indian War
Began in 1754; the French and Indians fought together against the British, who captured the French cities of Montreal and Quebec
First Continental Congress
The 1774 meeting in Philadelphia of delegates from every colony except Georgia; dealt with problems with Great Britain, including taxation
Declaratory Act
Gave Great Britain the right to force any law on the colonies
John Winthrop
Chosen by the Massachusetts Bay Company to be colonial governor; created a colonial legislature
Confirmation of Charters
A document stating that taxes could be levied only by approval of Parliament.
House of Commons
Elects the prime minister and acts as the legislative body that debates and passes laws
Baron
Nobles; were taxed by King John before the Magna Carta
Magna Carta
A document that changed the nature of government in England
Legislature
Center of representative democracy
Division of Labor
The way all jobs in modern society are connected
Direct Democracy
All citizens have a vote in all decisions
Representative Democracy
People participating in the decision-making through an elected representative
Social Class
A group of people with similar positions in society
Artisans
People who make things that people need—like pots, weapons, and bricks for building
Immigrant
A person who goes from one country to another for the purpose of taking up permanent residence
Bill of Rights
A statement of the rights and liberties of a group of people
Government
One or more people who exercise control over a society
Surplus
An extra amount
Society
A group of people who live and work in a particular area
Agricultural Revolution
A type of farming that produces surpluses of food
Ratify
To approve by a vote
Mercenary
A soldier paid to fight for another country
Prime Minister
Political leader of the United Kingdom
Indentured Servants
Immigrants who paid for their passage into North America by working for an employer for a set number of years
Mayflower Compact
Allowed the Pilgrims to establish laws based on a majority vote
Totalitarian
When a political leader has total control of the government and the people
Absolute Monarchy
Governments ruled by emperors, kings, or queens who have absolute power
Sovereign
A country or state having the power to govern itself fully
Cultural Diversity
A region populated by people from different places who have different customs
Boycott
A protest against a group or nation in which people refuse to buy goods from that group or nation
Tolerance
Respecting the faiths or beliefs of others
Regime
A system of government—but the term is often used to refer to a dictatorial or totalitarian government
Legislature
A group of people who propose, debate, and pass laws, such as a state or federal legislative body
Intolerance
The practice of condemning the religious practices or beliefs of others
New World
The land on which the new colonies were settled
Raw Materials
Goods used in the production or manufacture of products
Democracy
Government by the people
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