IGCSE DT Plastics & Shaping Plastics

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28 Terms

1
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Injection Moulding

  • Molten plastic is forced into the mould by pressure from a screw thread.

  • The mould is made in two parts to allow the moulding to be removed.

  • Initial tooling costs are high and to recoup costs, there is high volume production.

  • telephones and electrical casing

<ul><li><p>Molten plastic is forced into the mould by pressure from a screw thread.</p></li><li><p>The mould is made in two parts to allow the moulding to be removed.</p></li><li><p>Initial tooling costs are high and to recoup costs, there is high volume production.</p></li><li><p>telephones and electrical casing</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Press or Compression moulding

  • Sheet plastic (thermosetting) is placed between a mould made in two halves.

  • It's used to make electrical fittings

<ul><li><p>Sheet plastic (thermosetting) is placed between a mould made in two halves. </p></li></ul><ul><li><p>It's used to make electrical fittings </p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Extrusion

Used to produce long, thin products such as pipes or curtain racks. Molten plastics are forced through a die, forming a long tube like shape.

<p>Used to produce long, thin products such as pipes or curtain racks. Molten plastics are forced through a die, forming a long tube like shape.</p>
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Vacuum forming

Used to heat and mould plastic sheet (High Impact Polystyrene or thin Acrylic) into a variety of hollow forms (e.g. inserts for toy packaging, biscuit or chocolate box trays)

<p>Used to heat and mould plastic sheet (High Impact Polystyrene or thin Acrylic) into a variety of hollow forms (e.g. inserts for toy packaging, biscuit or chocolate box trays)</p>
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Bending plastics on Strip heater (Line-bending)

Thin plastic sheet (e.g. acrylic) is heated so it can be easily bent along a line

<p>Thin plastic sheet (e.g. acrylic) is heated so it can be easily bent along a line</p>
6
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Blow moulding

A tube of softened plastics is extruded into a mould. Air is forced into the mould which forces the plastic to the sides, giving the shape of a bottle.

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Bending plastics in oven

Thin acrylic sheets can be heated and bent around moulds to create bends.

<p>Thin acrylic sheets can be heated and bent around moulds to create bends.</p>
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Acrylic (PMMA)

A thermoplastic. Come is sheet form and in a range of colours. It can be translucent (e.g. smoked), transparent or opaque. It is resistant to most acids and weather conditions. Used for bathroom furniture/products. It's self finishing.

<p>A thermoplastic. Come is sheet form and in a range of colours. It can be translucent (e.g. smoked), transparent or opaque. It is resistant to most acids and weather conditions. Used for bathroom furniture/products. It's self finishing.</p>
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High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

  • thermoplastic

  • most common plastic in everyday life.

  • 'plastic' bottles, grocery bags, shampoo bottles and children's toys.

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic</p></li><li><p>most common plastic in everyday life. </p></li><li><p>'plastic' bottles, grocery bags, shampoo bottles and children's toys.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

  • thermoplastic

  • soft drink bottles

  • lightweight, usually transparent, available in a range of colours.

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic </p></li><li><p>soft drink bottles</p></li><li><p>lightweight, usually transparent, available in a range of colours.</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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Low Density Polythene (LDPE)

  • thermoplastic

  • extrusion or blow moulding process.

  • It is durable and will last along time.

  • Often products such as soap dispensers are refilled which makes this plastic an excellent choice.

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic </p></li><li><p> extrusion or blow moulding process. </p></li><li><p>It is durable and will last along time.</p></li><li><p> Often products such as soap dispensers are refilled which makes this plastic an excellent choice.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

  • thermoplastic

  • chemical resistance

  • water pipes, coating on electrical wires.

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic </p></li><li><p>chemical resistance</p></li></ul><ul><li><p> water pipes, coating on electrical wires.</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)

  • thermoplastic

  • strong resistance to corrosive chemicals and physical impacts

  • low melting temperature

  • injection moulding manufacturing processes or 3D printing.

  • Used for keys on a computer keyboard, LEGO toys.

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic </p></li><li><p>strong resistance to corrosive chemicals and physical impacts</p></li><li><p>low melting temperature</p></li><li><p> injection moulding manufacturing processes or 3D printing. </p></li><li><p>Used for keys on a computer keyboard, LEGO toys.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Polystyrene (PS)

  • thermoplastic

  • prototyping and food packaging.

  • It lasts a long time in the natural environment which poses a litter hazard as the material is typically thrown away after an extremely short lifespan.

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic</p></li><li><p>prototyping and food packaging.</p></li><li><p>It lasts a long time in the natural environment which poses a litter hazard as the material is typically thrown away after an extremely short lifespan.</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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Polypropylene (PP)

  • thermoplastic

  • packaging and labelling, stationery, reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment

<ul><li><p>thermoplastic </p></li><li><p> packaging and labelling, stationery, reusable containers of various types, laboratory equipment</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Nylon

A thermoplastic that is used in engineering to make gears and bearings. It's oily nature means that friction is reduced between moving parts.

<p>A thermoplastic that is used in engineering to make gears and bearings. It's oily nature means that friction is reduced between moving parts.</p>
17
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Polyester Resin

  • thermosetting plastic

  • can be combined with a material such as fibre glass to create a tough material that can resist impact

<ul><li><p>thermosetting plastic </p></li><li><p>can be combined with a material such as fibre glass to create a tough material that can resist impact</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Urea Formaldehyde

  • thermosetting

  • electrical fittings

  • scratch resistant and a good electrical insulator

<ul><li><p>thermosetting </p></li><li><p>electrical fittings</p></li><li><p>scratch resistant and a good electrical insulator</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Epoxy Resin

  • thermosetting plastic

  • high adhesive strength

<ul><li><p>thermosetting plastic</p></li><li><p>high adhesive strength</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Melamine Formaldehyde

  • Thermosetting

  • plastic laminates, sockets and switches

<ul><li><p>Thermosetting </p></li><li><p>plastic laminates, sockets and switches</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Phenol Formaldehyde

  • thermosetting plastic

  • stiff, hard and resists some chemicals and stains.

  • pool balls adhesives.

<ul><li><p>thermosetting plastic </p></li><li><p>stiff, hard and resists some chemicals and stains. </p></li></ul><ul><li><p> pool balls adhesives.</p></li></ul><p></p>
22
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PET bottles are made by:

Blow Moulding

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Trays for chocolates are made by:

Vacuum forming

<p>Vacuum forming</p>
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Plastic pipes and rails are made using which process?

Extrusion

<p>Extrusion</p>
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High volume products like buckets are manufactured by:

Injection moulding

<p>Injection moulding</p>
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Urea formaldehyde

Sockets and plugs

<p>Sockets and plugs</p>
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Gears are commonly made from

Nylon

<p>Nylon</p>
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A former

Shape commonly made of wood which plastic is formed

<p>Shape commonly made of wood which plastic is formed</p>