what hormones acts through second messenger systems
water-soluble
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what is the first messenger in the 3 common messenger system
hormones
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steps of 3 common messenger system
hormone binds to receptor, binding of receptor activates receptor, activated receptor triggers downstream response which amplifies first messenger signaling
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what organ degrades hormones
liver
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what is up-regulating
increase sensitivity
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what is down-regulation
reduce sensitivity
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what is the downstream effector of TSH
thyroid
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what is the downstream effector of ACTH
adrenal gland
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what is the downstream effector of FSH and Lh
testes and ovaries
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what is the downstream effector of growth hormones
bones, muscle, adipose tissue, liver
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what is the downstream effectors of prolactin
mammary gland
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what nuclei controls release and production of oxytocin
paraventricular nucleus
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what nuclei controls production and release of ADH
supraoptic nucleus
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what part of the pituitary gland contain neural tissue
posterior pituitary
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what does the posterior pituitary release
oxytocin and ADH
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where are the releasing hormones produced
hypothalamus
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which cell in the thyroid gland are the most numerous
follicular cells
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what does the parathyroid gland do
regulates blood calcium
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what are the effectors of parathyroid hormone
kidney and bone
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GH and IGF act through negative feedback to regulate activity of what organs
hypothalamus
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how often does the adrenal gland release epinephrine vs norepinephrine
epi 90 norepi 10
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what are the functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine
increase heart rate and contraction, breaks down glycogen
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zona glomersula
mineral coritcoids
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zona fasiculata
glucorcorticoids
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zona reticularis
sex steroids
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what hormones does the anterior pituitary integrate