Ch. 10

Skeletal

(striated) for voluntary movement (walking, talking, etc.)

Smooth

for involuntary movement (digestion, vessel constriction, etc.)

Cardiac

for heart contraction needed to propel blood through the vascular system

muscle CF

muscul/o, my/o

smooth (involuntary) muscle CF

leio/my/o

striated (voluntary) muscle CF

rhabdo/my/o

tendon CF

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

Flexion

action of bending a joint

Extension

opposite of flexion

Fascia

fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles

(hematopoiesis

production of blood cells)

Crani/o

cranium, skull

Frontal

forehead

Temporal

side of skull

Occipital

back of skull

Parietal

upper side & roof

Maxilla

upper jaw

Mandible

lower jaw

Zygomatic bone

cheek bones

Sinus

cavity located within cranial & facial bones

Fontanel

soft spot in skull of infants

Stern/o

sternum

Cost/o

ribs

Chondr/o

cartilage

xiphoid process

bottom of sternum

Vertebr/o, spondyl/o

vertebrae (backbone)

Cervic/o

neck

Thorac/o

chest

Lumb/o

lumbar

Sacrum

five fused vertebrae, part of pelvis

Coccyx

tailbone

Lower leg bones

tibi/o, fibul/o

Thigh bone

femor/o

Knee cap

patell/o

Heel bone

calcane/o

Ankle bone

tars/o

Foot bones

metatars/o

Toe bones

phalang/o

Pelvis

pelv/o

Upper hip bones

ili/o

Lower hip bones

ischi/o

Anterior part of pelvis

pub/o

Upper arm bone

humer/o

Lower arm bones

ulna, radius (radi/o)

Wrist bones

carp/o

Hand bones

metacarp/o

Finger bones

phalang/o

Collar bone

clavicle (clavic/o)

Shoulder blade scapula (scapul/o)

Ankyl/o

stiffness; bent, crooked

Arthr/o

joint

Brachi/o

arm

Dactyl/o

fingers, toes (this is the structure as a whole, where as plangio is the bone)

Fasci/o

fascia (membrane that surrounds bones)

Fibr/o

fiber, fibrous tissue

Kyph/o

humpback

Lamin/o

lamina (part of vertebra)

Lord/o

curve, swayback

Myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

Orth/o

straight

Oste/o

bone

Ped/o, pedi/o, pod/o

foot, child

Scoli/o

crooked, bent

Synov/o

synovial fluid, membrane

-asthenia

weakness, debility

-clasia, -clast

to break; surgical fracture

-desis

binding, fixation (or a bone or joint)

-malacia

softening

-porosis

porous

-sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

a-

without, not

dys-

bad, painful

syn-

union, together, joined

Periosteum

membrane covering surface of bone

Ligaments

connective tissue that binds bones to other bones

Tendons

connective tissue that binds muscle to bone

Cartilage

connective tissue that is more rigid than ligaments, less rigid than bone.

Orthopedist

physician who specializes in musculoskeletal disorders

Closed (simple)

break with no external skin wound

Open (compound)

break with external wound that leads to the fracture site and a piece of bone protruding through the skin

Complicated

broken bone injures an internal organ, such as the lung

Comminuted

bone broken or splintered into pieces

Impacted

broken ends of bones jammed together by the force of the injury

Incomplete

fracture line does not include the whole bone

Greenstick

break in which bone is partially bent and split, which occurs most commonly in children.

Collesbreak

in lower end of radius, which commonly occurs when the wrist is extended to break a fall

Fracture

Break or crack in a bone

Arthritis

inflammation of a joint (pain, swelling, deformity)

Osteoarthritis also known as \_______________________

degenerative joint disease (DJD)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune disorder where body attacks own tissue, deformed hand

Degenerative joint disease (DJD)

commonly in old people

Gout

Arthritis caused by excess uric acid in blood

Bunion (hallux valgus)

Deformity characterized by painful, bony bump and deviation of the great toe.

Osteomyelitis

Acute or chronic infection of the bone & marrow

Herniated disk

Protrusion, or herniation, of the nucleus pulposus (gelatinous material at the center of the intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae

Laminectomy

treatment of herniated disk, remove lamina to take pressure off nerve root

Scoliosis

lateral curvature (right or left)

Kyphosis

curvature of upper spine, "humpback or hunchback"

Lordosis

inward curvature of lower spine, "swayback"

Sprain

overstretching or tearing of ligaments