APWH - last min review

Developments in Dar Al Islam

Spread of Islamic culture

Silk Roads

Network of trade routes connecting Asia

Ottoman Empire

Powerful Islamic empire that controlled much of Southeastern Europe

Indian Ocean Trade

Maritime trade network linking East Africa

Ming Dynasty

Chinese dynasty known for trade expansion

Inca Roads

Extensive road system built by the Inca to connect their vast empire across the Andes 1438–1533 CE

Start of Atlantic Slave Trade

Beginning of forced transatlantic transport of Africans to the Americas for labor 1440s CE

Safavid Empire

Persian empire known for establishing Shia Islam as the state religion and flourishing arts 1501–1736 CE

95 Theses

MLK

Increasing Bhakti Movement & Sufism

Spiritual reform movements in Hinduism and Islam emphasizing personal devotion and mysticism 1200s–1600s CE

Ivan the Terrible

First Tsar of Russia known for centralizing power and harsh rule 1547–1584 CE

British East India Company established

Joint-stock company formed to control British trade in India 1600 CE

British Virginia Company → role in funding exploration projects

Financed the founding of Jamestown and promoted English colonization 1606 CE

Qing Dynasty governs China

Last imperial dynasty of China known for territorial expansion and population growth 1644–1912 CE

Manchu Empire

Ethnic minority group that founded and ruled the Qing Dynasty in China 1644–1912 CE

Serfdom

System where peasants were tied to land and subject to a lord

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement promoting reason

First Industrial Revolution

Period of rapid industrialization involving mechanization and urbanization in Europe 1750–1850 CE

American Revolution

Colonial revolt against British rule leading to the founding of the United States 1775–1783 CE

French Revolution

Social and political upheaval ending monarchy and promoting rights and republicanism in France 1789–1799 CE

Vindication of the Rights of Women by Mary Wollstonecraft published

Early feminist work arguing for women's education and equality 1792 CE

Sepoy Mutiny in India

Indian rebellion against British rule sparked by cultural insensitivity and economic grievances 1857 CE

Social Darwinism

Misapplication of Darwin’s ideas to justify racism

Meiji Restoration

Japanese political revolution restoring imperial rule and rapidly modernizing the country 1868 CE

Chinese Exclusion Act

US law barring Chinese immigration and reflecting anti-Asian sentiment 1882 CE

Spheres of influence

Areas in which foreign powers had exclusive trading and legal rights in China 19th–early 20th century CE

Nationalism

Ideology emphasizing loyalty to one’s nation often leading to unification or conflict 1800s–1900s CE

Paris peace conference

Meeting to set post-WWI peace terms including the Treaty of Versailles 1919 CE

Russian Revolution of 1917

Overthrow of the Russian monarchy and rise of the Soviet Union 1917 CE

Great Depression

Worldwide economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and financial collapse 1929–1939 CE

The Holocaust

Systematic genocide of six million Jews and others by Nazi Germany during WWII 1941–1945 CE

Nationalism and its role in fascism

Use of extreme national pride and unity to justify authoritarian regimes 1920s–1940s CE

Green Revolution

Introduction of high-yield crops and technology to increase food production in developing nations 1940s–1960s CE

Indian National Congress

Political party instrumental in India’s independence and post-colonial governance 1885–present

Beginning of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict

Tensions between Jewish and Arab populations in Palestine after increased migration 1947–1948 CE

World Health Organization established

UN agency formed to coordinate international public health efforts 1948 CE

Vietnam War

Cold War conflict between communist North Vietnam and US-backed South Vietnam 1955–1975 CE

Dwight D. Eisenhower “military-industrial complex”

Warning about the influence of defense industry on government 1961 CE

Iranian Revolution

Overthrow of the Shah and establishment of an Islamic Republic under Ayatollah Khomeini 1979 CE

War in the Gulf

Conflict triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait leading to US-led coalition response 1990–1991 CE

NAFTA came into effect

Trade agreement between US