ap hug 10.1 vocab

adaptive strategies

the way humans adapt to the physical and cultural landscape they are living in

agrarian

people or societies that are farmers so they promote agricultural interest, characteristics of farmers, their way of life

agricultural industrialization

the use of machinery in agriculture, tractors

agricultural landscape

the land we farm on and what we choose to put on the field, shows outcome of interaction between agriculture, natural resources and the environment

agricultural orgin

humans were at first nomadic hunters and gatherers, moving to find new food

agriculture

the deliberate effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock fo sustenance or economic gain

animal domestication

the process by which wild animals are cultivated into a resource supply for humans, resulting in physical and behavioral changes, dogs, horses

collective farm

a system of agricultural organization where farm laborers are not compensated via wages, ex. soviet union used it to boos their economy

commercial agriculture

agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm

intensive commercial agriculture

activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield

extensive commercial agriculture

crop or livestock system in which land quantity or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs.

core (country)

well developed with strong economic base

periphery (country)

less developed, economically poor country

crop

any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

diffusion

the spread of a feature or trend from 1 place to another overtime

primary economic activities

anything to do with harvesting, mining raw materials, fishing, farming

secondary economic activities

processing, refining of natural resources, factory work, timber into furnature

tertiary economic activities

anything that has to do with sale, exchange of goods, retail, real estate

quaternary economic activities

generation of knowledge and the sharing of research, teaching, medical service

quinary economic activities

facilitating complex decision-making and the advancement of human capacities, government officials

farming

the effort to modify a portion of earths surface through the cultivation of crops and raising livestock for sustenance or economic gain

1st agricultural revolution

transition from hunting and gathering to planting and sustaining

globalized agriculture

a system of agriculture built on economic and regulatory practices that are global in scope and organization

green revolution

rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers

hunting and gathering

the killing of wild animals and fish as well as gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance

planned economy

economic system in which a single agency makes all decisions about the production and allocations of goods and services

plant domestication

process where wild plants are cultivated into productive crops, often with more desirable traits

rural settlement

sparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities, live in villages, farms

dispersed rural settlement

a pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages

nucleated rural settlement

clustered village pattern, close together

building materials of rural settlements?

wattle, brick, wood, stone?

village form of rural settlement?

reflect historical circumstances, the nature of the land, and economic conditions?

2nd agricultural revolution

the increased technology from the industrial revolution (happened at the same time) as a way to increase farm productivity through mechanization

subsistence agriculture

agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer’s family

survey patterns(metes and bounds)

uses physical features of the local geography, along with directions and distances to define the boundaries of a particular piece of land

long lot system

by french, in french regions of North America, long rectangular plots of farmland to give equal access to the river

township and range

a rectangular land division scheme, disperse settlers evenly across farmlands if U.S., by Thomas Jefferson

3rd agricultural revolution

animal/plant breading with another, hybridization, genetic engineering of products, and the increased use of pesticides and fertilizers

chemical farming

farming techniques that use high quantities of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to accommodate genetically modified seeds or less fertile soil

mechanization

the replacement of human labor with technology or machines