exam module 11

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

a nutrient is

substance that is ingested, digested, absorbed, and used by the body

nutrition

processes involved in the ingestion, digestion, absorption, and the use of food and fluids by the body

carbohydrates

nutrient that provides energy and fiber

fats

nutrient that adds flavor to food

vitamin A

vitamin that is needed for vision

vitamins B1, B12, B3, D

vitamin that is needed for nerve function

vitamin K

vitamin needed for blood clotting

calcium

mineral needed for the formation of teeth and bones

iron

mineral allows red blood cells to carry oxygen

sodium

mineral needed for fluid balance

potassium

mineral needed for heart function

percent daily value

food labels contain what information?

changes from aging affect appetite and the foods eaten

relating to eating and nutrition…

follow the care plan, consider allergies

you have been assigned to buy groceries for a person receiving home care. You need to:

appetite decreases

with aging, changes occur in the gastro-intestinal system. Which is correct?

no dietary limits or restrictions

a resident gets the house diet. which is correct?

liquid at room temperature

a person is on a full-liquid diet. foods on this diet are

pudding and plain cake

a person is on a mechanical soft diet. the person can have which of the following?

after blood loss, for women during reproductive years

high-iron diets are ordered:

meat, milk, eggs, cheese, fish, poultry; breads, cereals; leafy greens

a person is on a high-protein diet. which foods are high in protein?

have fruits and vegetables

a person on a sodium-controlled diet can:

1500mg/2300mg

the doctor ordered a sodium-controlled diet for a patient. the average amount of sodium in the daily diet for this person would be:

avoids food that needs chewing, tires during meal, food spill out of mouth, eats slowly, coughs/chokes before/during'/after swallowing

sign/symptom of dysphagia

teaspoon

you are feeding a patient, you need to serve foods with a

“nothing by mouth”

a patient is NPO. this means that the person is

soup

the resident has the following items on her meal tray. which is counted as fluid intake?

urinal/specimen pad/bedpan

a male resident is on I&O. when urinating, he needs to use

when water mug is empty; during each shift

when do patients and residents need fresh drinking water?

enteral nutrition

giving nutrients in the gastro-intestinal tract through a feeding tube

gastrostomy tube

feeding tube inserted through a surgically created opening in the stomach

naso-enteral tube

a feeding tube inserted through the nose and into the small bowel is

parenteral nutrition

giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into the vein is

regurgitation

backflow of stomach contents into the mouth

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG)

a doctor inserts this type of feeding tube with an endoscope

delayed stomach emptying and over feeding

the risk of regurgitation is greatest with:

call for the nurse

a person is receiving hyperalimentation through an IV. The alarm sounds on the pump. what should you do?

you are never responsible for hyperalimentation

a person is receiving hyperalimentation. which is correct?

away from the center of the body-back of hand

a peripheral IV site

count the number of drops per minute

to check the IV flow rate you must:

false

the MyPlate food guidance system encourages smart and healthy food choices and weekly activity

true

the dietary guidelines for americans 2010 is for persons 2 yrs of age and older

true

older persons need fewer calories than younger people

true

keep vegetables and fruits separate from raw meat, poultry, and seafood while shopping, preparing and storing food

false

the amount of fluid taken in (intake) and the amount of fluid lost (output) must be equal

true

excess fluid losses quickly cause death in an infant or child

false

tube feeding formula is given cold to prevent microbes from growing in the formula

true

a feeding pump is used for a continuous tube feeding

true

the nurse asks you to check an iv flow rate. you need to tell the nurse at once if no fluid is dripping or if the fluid rate is too slow.